The Effect of Insulin Delivery Route on Lipoproteins in Type I Diabetic Patients on CAPD

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the influence of subcutaneous and intraperitoneal (IP) insulin on plasma lipoproteins in type I diabetic (IDDM) patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRD) treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).

Design

A before–after trial.

Setting

University hospital outpatient care.

Participants

Eleven IDDM patients with stabilized peritoneal dialysis, age 42.9 ± 2.9 (SEM) years and duration of diabetes 31.4 ± 3.4 years.

Intervention

Two treatment periods during stabilized CAPD. All patients were first treated with subcutaneous and then with IP insulin. The studies were performed after a median time of 3 months on each treatment.

Main Outcome Measures

Plasma lipids; apoproteins (Apo) A-I, A-II, and B; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions; glycemic status; and uremic status.

Results

After changing from subcutaneous insulin to IP insulin, plasma HDL cholesterol decreased (from 1.29 ± 0.13 mmol/L to 0.96 ± 0.06 mmol/L, p < 0.05), and the low density to high density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) cholesterol ratio increased (p < 0.05). The HDL cholesterol decreased in both HDL₂ and HDL₃ fractions, but significantly so only in HDL₃ (p < 0.01). ApoA-I (p < 0.05) decreased while the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio (p < 0.01) and the ApoA-I/HDL-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.01) increased during IP insulin therapy. Intraperitoneal insulin resulted in significantly better glycemic control than subcutaneous insulin (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

In diabetic patients on CAPD therapy, IP insulin, although inducing better glycemic control than subcutaneous insulin, was associated with lowered plasma HDL cholesterol and ApoA-I levels. The atherogenic potential is probably less than expected as the relative particle size of HDL remained unchanged.