DahlenG., GuytonJ.R., ArrarM., FarmerJ.A., KautzJ.A., and GottoA.M.Association of levels of lipoprotein(a), plasma lipids, and other lipoproteins with coronary artery disease documented by angiography.Circulation1986; 74: 758–65.
2.
AttmanP., SamuelssonO., and AlaupovicP.Lipopro-tein metabolism and renal failure.Am J Kidney Dis1993; 21: 573–92.
3.
NorbeckH.E., CarlsonL.A.The uremic dyslipoprotein-emia: its characteristics and relations to clinical factors.Acta Med Scand1981; 209: 489–503.
4.
BergesioF., MonzaniG., CiutiR., SerrutoA., BenucciA., FrizziV.Lipids and apolipoproteins change during the progression of chronic renal failure.Clin Nephrol1992; 38: 264–70.
5.
GruberK.K., HoffnerS.M., TuttleK.R.Increased Lp(a) concentrations in chronic renal failure.J Am Soc Nephrol1992; 3: 333.
WheelerD.C.Abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism in CAPD patients.Kidney Int1996; 50(Suppl 56): S41–6.
9.
LacourB., RoulletJ., BeyneP., KreisH., TheveninM., DruekeT.Comparisons of several atherogenicity indices by the analysis of serum lipoprotein composition in patients with chronic renal failure with or without hemodialysis, and in renal transplant patients.J Clin Chem Clin Biochem1985; 23: 805–10.
10.
AvramM.M., FeinP.A., AntignaniA., MittmanN., MushnickR.A., LustigA.R.Cholesterol and lipid disturbances in renal disease: the natural history of uremic dyslipidemia and the impact of hemodialysis and CAPD.Am J Med1989; 87: 55N–60N.
11.
LindholmB., and NorbeckH.E.Serum lipids and lipo-proteins during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Acta Med Scand1986; 220: 143–51.
12.
HorkkoS., HuttuneneK., LaaraE., KerinenK., and KesaniemiY.A.Effects of three treatment modes on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in uremic patients.Ann Med1994; 26: 271–82.
13.
WebbA.T., ReaveleyD.A., O'DonnellM., O'ConnorB., SeedM., BrownE.A.Lipids and lipoprotein(a) as risk factors for vascular disease in patients on renal replacement therapy.Nephrol Dial Transplant1995; 10: 354–7.
14.
SiamopoulosK.C., ElisafM.S., BairaktariH.T., PappasM.B., SferopoulosG.D., NikolakakisN.G.Lipid parameters including lipoprotein(a) in patients undergoing CAPD and hemodialysis.Perit Dial Int1995; 15: 342–7.
RamosJ.M., HeatonA., McGurkJ.G., WardM.K., and KerrD.N.S.Sequential changes in serum lipids and their subfractions in patients receiving CAPD.Nephron1983; 35: 20–3.
19.
KaganA., Bar-KhayimY., SchaferZ., and FainaruM.Kinetics of peritoneal protein loss during CAPD: lipo-protein leakage and its impact on plasma lipid levels.Kidney Int1990; 37: 980–90.
20.
ShojiT., NishizawaY., NishitaniH., YamakawaM., and MoriiH.High serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations in uremic patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Clin Nephrol1992; 38: 271–6.
21.
MurphyB.G., McNameeP., DulyE., HenryW., ArchboldP., and TrinickT.Increased serum apolipoprotein(a) in patients with chronic renal failure treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Atherosclerosis1992; 93: 53–7.
22.
KhannaR., WuG., VasS., OreopoulosD.G.Mortality and morbidity on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.ASAIO J1983; 6: 197–204.
23.
LupoA., TarchiniR., CancariniG., CatizoneL., CocchiR., De VecchiA.Long-term outcome in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a 10 year survey by the Italian Cooperative Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group.Am J Kidney Dis1994; 24: 826–37.
24.
Canada-USA (CANUSA) Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group.Adequacy of dialysis and nutrition in continuous peritoneal dialysis: association with clinical outcomes.J Am Soc Nephrol1996; 7: 198–207.
25.
NichollsA.J., CattoG.R.D., EdwardN., EngesetJ., MacleodM.Accelerated atherosclerosis in long-term dialysis and renal transplant patients: fact or fiction?Lancet1980; 1: 276–8.
RostandS.G., BrunzellJ.D., CannonR.O.III, VictorR.G.Cardiovascular complications in renal failure.J Am Soc Nephrol1991; 2: 1053–62.
28.
TschopeW., KochM., ThomasB., RitzE., and the German Study Group Diabetes, and Uremia Serum lipids predict cardiac death in diabetic patients on maintenance hemodialysis.Nephron1993; 64: 354–8.
29.
LowrieE.G., HuangW.H., LewN.L.Death risk predictors among peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients: a preliminary comparison.Am J Kidney Dis1995; 26: 220–8.
30.
PiccoliG.B., QuarelloF., SalomoneM., IadarolaG.M., FunaroL., MarcielloA.Are serum albumin and cholesterol reliable outcome markers in elderly dialysis patients?Nephrol Dial Transplant1995; 10(Suppl 6): 72–7.
31.
PollockC.A., IbelsL.S., CatersonR.J., MahoneyJ.F., WaughD.A., CocksedgeB.Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: eight years of experience at a single center.Medicine1989; 68: 293–308.
32.
GaultM.H., LongerichL., PrabhakaranV., PurchaseL.Ischemic heart disease, serum cholesterol and apo-lipoproteins in CAPD.ASAIO Trans1991; 37: M513–14.
33.
GambaG., MejiaJ.L., SaldivarS., PenaJ.C., Correa–RotterR.Death risk in CAPD patients: the predictive value of the initial clinical and laboratory values.Nephron1993; 65: 23–7.
34.
CastelliW.P., GarrisonR.J., WilsonP.W.F., AbbottR.D., KalousdianS., KannelW.B.Incidence of coronary heart disease and lipoprotein cholesterol levels: The Framingham Study.JAMA1986; 256: 2835–8.
35.
GordonT., CastelliW.P., HjortlandM.C., KannelW.B., DawberT.R.High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease: The Framingham Study.Am J Med1997; 62: 707–14.
36.
HokansonJ.E., AustinM.A.Plasma triglyceride level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: a meta-analysis of population based prospective studies.J Cardiovasc Risk1996; 3: 213–19.
37.
Committee of Principal InvestigatorsWHO Cooperative Trial on primary prevention of ischemic heart disease with clofibrate to lower serum cholesterol: final mortality follow up.Lancet1984; 2: 600–4.
38.
Lipid Research Clinics ProgramThe Lipids Research Clinics coronary primary prevention trial results: reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease.JAMA1984; 251: 351–63.
39.
FrickM.H., EloO., HaapaK., HeinonenO.P., HeinsalmiP., HeloP.Helsinki Heart Study: primary prevention trial with gemfibrizol in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia.N Engl J Med1987; 317: 1237–45.
40.
The Pravastatin Multinational Study Group for Cardiac Risk Patients.Effects of pravastatin in patients with serum total cholesterol levels from 5.2 to 7.8 mmol/L (200 to 300 mg/dL) plus two additional atherosclerotic risk factors.Am J Cardiol1993; 72: 1031–7.
41.
ShepherdJ., CobbeS.M., FordI., IslesC.G., LorimerA.R., McFarlaneP.W.Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholester-olemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study.N Engl J Med1995; 333: 1301–7.
42.
The Coronary Drug Project Research Group.Clofibrate and niacin in coronary heart disease.JAMA1975; 231: 360–81.
43.
CarlsonL.A., RosenhamerG.Reduction of mortality in the Stockholm Ischemic Heart Disease Secondary Prevention Study by combined treatment with clofibrate and nicotinic acid.Acta Med Scand1988; 223: 405–18.
44.
Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group.Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian simvastatin survival study (4S).Lancet1994; 344: 1383–9.
45.
ManninenV., HuttunenJ.K., HeinonenO.P., TenkanenL., FrickM.H.Relation between baseline lipid and lipo-protein values and the incidence of coronary heart disease in the Helsinki Heart Study.Am J Cardiol1989; 63: 42H–47H.
46.
The Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Trial Investigators.The effect of aggressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and low-dose anti-coagulation on obstructive changes in saphenous-vein coronary artery bypass grafts.N Engl J Med1997; 336: 153–62.
47.
GokalR., MannJ., OliverD., LedinghamJ.Dietary treatment of hyperlipidemia in chronic hemodialysis patients.Am J Clin Nutr1978; 31: 1915–18.
MassyZ., MaJ., LouisT., and KasiskeB.Lipid-lowering therapy in patients with renal disease.Kidney Int1995; 48: 188–98.
50.
DimitriadisA., AntoniousS., HatzisavvasN., PastoreF., KaldiI., StangouM.The effect of simvastatin on dys-lipidemia in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.Perit Dial Int1993; 13(Suppl 2): S434–6.
51.
BalaskasE., BamihasG., TourkantonisA.Management of lipid abnormalities in patients on CAPD (Letter).Perit Dial Int1997; 17: 308–9.
52.
van AckerB.A.C., BiloH.J.G., Popp–SnijdersC., Van BronswijkH., OeL.P., DonkerA.J.M.The effect of fish oil on lipid profile and viscosity of erythrocyte suspensions in CAPD patients.Nephrol Dial Transplant1987; 2: 557–61.
53.
JonesR.G., DibbleJ.B., GibsonJ., TompkinsL., O'KaneM., HobsonS.M.Effect of dietary fish oil on lipid abnormalities in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Perit Dial Int1988; 8: 203–6.
54.
LempertK.D., RogersJ.S.II, AlbrinkM.J.Effects of dietary fish oil on serum lipids and blood coagulation in peritoneal dialysis patients.Am J Kidney Dis1988; 11: 170–5.
55.
GorenA., StankiewiczH., GoldsteinR., DrukkerA.Fish oil treatment of hyperlipidemia in children and adolescents receiving renal replacement therapy.Pediatrics1991; 88: 265–8.
56.
GuarnieriG., ToigoG., CrapesiL., SitulinR., Del BiancoM.A., CorsiM.Carnitine metabolism in chronic renal failure.Kidney Int1987; 32(Suppl 22): S116–27.
57.
MoorthyA.V., RosenblumM., RajarmR., ShugA.L.A comparison of plasma and muscle carnitine levels in patients on peritoneal or hemodialysis for chronic renal failure.Am J Nephrol1983; 3: 205–8.
58.
LacourB., Di GiulioS., ChanardJ., CiancioniC., HaguetM., LebkiriB.Carnitine improves lipid anomalies in hemodialysis patients.Lancet1980; 2: 763–5.
59.
BertoliM., BattistellaP.A., VerganiL., NasoA., GasparottoM.L., RomagnoliG.F.Carnitine deficiency induced during hemodialysis and hyperlipidemia: effect of replacement therapy.Am J Clin Nutr1981; 34: 1496–500.
60.
GlogglerA., BullaM., FurstP.Effect of low dose supplementation of L-carnitine on lipid metabolism in hemo-dialyzed children.Kidney Int1989; 36(Suppl 27): S256–8.
61.
Nilsson–EhleP., CederbladG., FagherB., MontiM., ThysellH.Plasma lipoproteins, liver function and glucose metabolism in hemodialysis patients: lack of effect of L-carnitine supplementation.Scand J Clin Lab Invest1985; 45: 179–84.
62.
GolperT.A., WolfsonM., AhmadS., HirschbergR., KurtinP., KatzL.A.Multicenter trial of L-carnitine in maintenance hemodialysis patients: I. Carnitine concentrations and lipid effects.Kidney Int1990; 38: 904–11.
63.
ChanM.K., PersaudJ.W., VargheseZ., BaillodR.A., MoorheadJ.F.Response patterns to L-carnitine in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.Nephron1982; 30: 240–3.
64.
WeschlerA., AvramM., LevinM., BetterO.S., BrookJ.G.High dose of L-carnitine increases platelet aggregation and plasma triglyceride levels in uremic patients on hemodialysis.Nephron1984; 38: 120–4.
65.
WannerC., Forstner–WannerS., SchaefferG., SchollmeyerP., HorlW.H.Serum free carnitine, car-nitine esters and lipids in patients on peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis.Am J Nephrol1986; 6: 206–11.
66.
WaradyB.A., BorumP., StallC., MillspaughJ., TaggartE., LumG.Carnitine status of pediatric patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Am J Nephrol1990; 10: 109–14.
67.
SacksF.M., PfefferM., MoyeL., RouleauJ.L., RutherfordJ.D., ColeT.G.The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels.N Engl J Med1996; 335: 1001–9.
68.
Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Educational Program (NCEP)Expert panel on detection evaluation and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults.JAMA1993; 269: 3015–23.
69.
PollackC., WyndhamR., CollettP., ElderG., FieldM., KalowskyS.Effects of erythropoietin therapy on the lipid profile in end stage renal disease.Kidney Int1994; 45: 897–902.
70.
D'AmicoG., GentileM.G.Influence of diet on lipid abnormalities in human renal disease.Am J Kidney Dis1993; 22: 151–7.
71.
AvramM., BlausteinD.Causes, risks and therapy of hyperlipidemia in chronic dialysis patients.Semin Dial1997; 10: 267–71.
