LinF-K, SuggsS., LinC-HCloning and expression of the human erythropoietin gene.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1985; 82: 7580–4.
2.
JacobsK., ShoemakerC., RudersdorfR.Isolation and characterization of genomic and cDNA clones of human erythropoietin.Nature1985; 313: 806–10.
3.
WinearlsC.G., OliverD.O., PippardM.J., ReidC., DowningM.R., CotesP.M.Effect of human erythropoietin derived from recombinant DNA on the anaemia of patients maintained by chronic haemodialysis.Lancet1986; 2: 1175–8.
4.
EschbachJ.W., EgrieJ.C., DowningM.R., BrowneJ.K., AdamsonJ.W.Correction of the anemia of end-stage renal disease with recombinant human erythropoietinN Engl J Med1987; 316: 73–8.
5.
KrantzS.B.Erythropoietin.Blood1991; 77: 419–34.
6.
KouryM.J., BondurantM.C.Erythropoietin retards DNA breakdown and prevents programmed death in erythroid progenitor cells.Science1990; 248: 378–81.
7.
YoussoufianH., LongmoreG., NeumannD., YoshimuraA., LodishH.F.Structure, function, and activation of the erythropoietin receptor.Blood1993; 81: 2223–36.
8.
BachmannS., Le HirM., EckardtK-UColocalization of erythropoietin mRNA and ecto-5′-nucleotidase immunoreactivity in peritubular cells of rat renal cortex indicates that fibroblasts produce erythropoietin.J. Histochem Cytochem1993; 41: 335–41.
9.
MaxwellP.H., OsmondM.K., PughC.W.Identification of the renal erythropoietin-producing cells using transgenic mice.Kidney Int1993; 44: 1149–62.
10.
FriedW.The liver as a source of extrarenal erythropoietin production.Blood1972; 40: 671–7.
11.
EckardtK-U, RatcliffeP.J., TanC.C., BauerC., KurtzA.Age dependent expression of the erythropoietin gene in rat liver and kidneys.J Clin Invest1992; 89: 753–60.
12.
EckardtK-U, PughC.W., RatcliffeP.J., KurtzA.Oxygen dependent modulation of erythropoietin mRNA in rat hepatocytes in vitro.Pfluegers Arch1993; 423: 356–64.
13.
MaxwellP.H., FergusonD.J.P., OsmondM.K.Expression of a homologously recombined erythropoietin-SV 40 T antigen fusion gene in mouse liver: evidence for erythropoietin production by Ito cells.Blood1994; 84(6): 1823–30.
14.
RatcliffeP.J.Molecular Biology of Erythropoietin.Kidney Int1993; 44: 887–904.
15.
EckardtK-UErythropoietin production in liver and kidneys.Cur Opin Nephrol Hypertens1996; 5: 28–34.
16.
KouryS.T., KouryM.J., BondurantM.C., CaroJ., GraberS.E.Quantitation of erythropoietin-producing cells in kidneys of mice by in situ hybridization: correlation with hematocrit, renal erythropoietin mRNA, and serum erythropoietin concentration.Blood1989; 74: 645–51.
17.
EckardtK-U, KouryS.T., TanC.C.Distribution of erythropoietin producing cells in rat kidneys during hypoxic hypoxia.Kidney Int1992; 43: 815–23.
18.
EschbachJ.W., HaleyN.R., EgrieJ.C., AdamsonJ.W.A comparison of the responses to recombinant human erythropoietin in normal and uremic subjectsKidney Int1992; 42(2): 407–16.
19.
EschbachJ.W., KellyM.R., HaleyN.R., AbelsR.I., AdamsonJ.W.Treatment of the anemia of progressive renal failure with recombinant human erythropoietin.N Engl J Med1989; 321: 158–63.
20.
OnayamaK.Effects of human recombinant erythropoietin on anemia, systemic hemodynamics, and renal failure in predialysis patients.Nephrol Dial Transpl1989; 4: 966–70.
21.
The USRDS 1996 annual data report.The USRDS dialysis morbidity and mortality study.Am J Kid Dis1996; 28(3 Suppl 2): S58–79.
22.
ValderrabanoF., JonesE.H.P., MallickN.P.Report on management of renal failure in Europe XXTV, 1993.Nephrol Dial Transpl1995; 10(Suppl 5): 1–25.
23.
Ad Hoc Committee for the National Kidney Federation.Statement on the clinical use of recombinant erythropoietin in anemia of end-stage renal disease.Am J Kid Dis1989; 14: 163–9.
24.
Canadian erythropoietin study group.Association between recombinant humanery thropoietin and quality of life and exercise capacity of patients receiving hemodialysis.Br Med J1990; 300: 573–8.
25.
EschbachJ.W.The future of r-HuEPO.Nephrol Dial Transpl1995; 10(Suppl 2): 96–109.
26.
KampfD., KahlJ., PasslickA.Single dose kinetics of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) after i.v., s.c. and i.p. administration: preliminary results.Contrib Nephrol1989; 76: 106–11.
27.
MacdougallI.C., RobertsD.E., ColesG.A., WilliamsJ.D.Clinical pharmacokinetics of epoetin (recombinant human erythropoietin).Clin Pharmacokinetics1991; 20: 99–113.
MacdougallI.C.How to get the best out of r-HuEPO.Nephrol Dial Transpl1995; 10(Suppl 2): 85–91.
30.
HörlW.H.How to get the best out of r-HuEPO.Nephrol Dial Transpl1995; 10(Suppl 2): 92–6.
31.
HörlW.H., CavillI., MacdougallI.C., SchaeferR.M., Sunder-PlassmannG.How to diagnose and correct iron deficiency during r-huEPO therapy — a consensus statement.Nephrol Dial Transpl1996; 11: 246–50.
32.
MacdougallI.C.Monitoring the iron status and iron supplementation in patients treated with erythropoietin.Cur Opin Nephrol Hypertens1994; 3: 620–5.
33.
MeansR.T., KrantzS.B.Progress in understanding the pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic renal disease.Blood1992; 80: 1639–47.
34.
MillerC.B., JonesR.J., PiantadosiS., AbeloffM.D., SpivakJ.L.Decreased erythropoietin response in patients with the anemia of cancer.N Engl J Med1990; 322: 1689–92.
35.
RaoD.S., ShihM.S., MohiniR.Effect of serum parathyroid hormone and bone marrow fibrosis on the response to erythropoietin in uremia.N Engl J Med1993; 328: 171–5.
36.
MuirheadN., HodsmanA.B., HollombyD.J., CordyP.E.The role of aluminium and parathyroid hormone in erythropoietin resistance in hemodialysis patients.Nephrol Dial Transpl1991; 6: 342–5.
37.
IfuduO., FeldmanJ., FriedmanE.A.The intensity of hemodialysis and the response to erythropoietin in patients with end-stage renal disease.N Engl J Med1996; 334: 420–5.
38.
MannJ.F.E.Hypertension and cardiovascular effects — long-term safety and potential long-term benefits.Nephrol Dial Transpl1995; 10(Suppl 2): 80–4.
39.
KeownP.A.Quality of life in end-stage renal disease patients during recombinant human erythropoietin therapy.Contrib Nephrol1991; 88: 81–6.
40.
GrimmP.C., SekiyaN.M., RobertsonL.S., RobinsonB.J., EttengerR.B.Recombinant human erythropoietin decreases anti-HLA sensitization and may improve renal allograft outcome: involvement of anti-idotypic antibody.Transpl Proc1991; 23: 407–8.
41.
LazarusJ.M., HakimR.M., NewellJ.Recombinant human erythropoietin and phlebotomy in the treatment of iron overload in chronic hemodialysis patients Am.J Kid Dis1990; 16: 101–8.
42.
BalaskasE.V., MelamedI.R., GuptaA., BargmanJ., OreopoulosD.G.Effect of erythropoietin treatment on nutritional status of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.Per Dial Int1993; 13(Suppl 2): S544–9.
43.
KaupkeC.J., VaziriN.D.Effect of recombinant erythropoietin on electrolytes and nutrition in end stage-stage renal disease patients (Editorial).Int J Artif Organs1993; 16(2): 59–62.
44.
MacdougallI.C., LewisN.P., SaundersM.J.Long-term cardiorespiratory effects of amelioration of renal anemia by erythropoietin.Lancet1990; 335: 489–93.
45.
MayerG., ThumJ., CadaE.M., StummvollH.K., GrafH.Working capacity is increased following recombinant human erythropoietin treatment.Kidney Int1988; 34: 525–8.
46.
MarshJ.T., BrownW.S., WolcottD.rHuEPO treatment improves brain and cognitive function of anemic dialysis patients.Kidney Int1991; 39: 155–63.
47.
SchaeferR.M., KokotF., WernzeH., GeigerH., HeidlandA.Improved sexual function in hemodialysis patients on recombinant erythropoietin: a possible role for prolactin.Clin Nephrol1989; 31: 1–5.
48.
BommerJ., KugelM., SchwöbelB., RitzE., BarthH.P., SeeligR.Improved sexual function during recombinant human erythropoietin therapy.Nephrol Dial Transpl1990; 5: 204–7.
49.
SennesaelJ.J., Van der NiepenP., VerbeelenD.Treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin increases antibody titers after hepatitis B vaccination in dialysis patients.Kidney Int1991; 40: 121–8.
DeMarchiS., CecchinE., VillaltaD., SepiacciG., SantiniG., BartoliE.Relief of pruritus and decreases in plasma histamine concentrations during erythropoietin therapy in patients with uremia.N Engl J Med1992; 326(15): 969–74.
52.
ViganoG., BenigniA., MendogniD., MingardiG., MeccaG., RemuzziG.Recombinant human erythropoietin to correct uremic bleeding.Am J Kid Dis1991; 18: 44–9.
53.
SundalE., KaeserU.Correction of anemia of chronic renal failure with recombinant human erythropoietin: safety and efficacy of one year's treatment in a European multicenter study of 150 haemodialysis-dependent patients.Nephrol Dial Transpl1989; 4: 979–87.
54.
WizemannV., KaufmannJ., KramerW.Effect of erythropoietin on ischemia tolerance in anemic hemodialysis patients with confirmed coronary artery disease.Nephron1992; 62: 161–5.
55.
Low-FriedrichI., GrützmacherP., MärzW., BergmannM., SchoeppeW.Therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin reduces cardiac size and improves heart function in chronic hemodialysis patients.Am J Nephrol1991; 11: 54–60.
56.
SilberbergJ.S., BarreP.E., PrichardS.S., SnidermanS.D.Impact of left-ventricular hypertrophy on end-stage renal disease.Kidney Int1989; 36(2): 286–90.
57.
MaschioG.Erythropoietin and systemic hypertension.Nephrol Dial Transpl1995; 10(Suppl 2): 74–9.
58.
RaineA.E.G., RogerS.D.Effects of erythropoietin on blood pressure.Am J Kid Dis1991; 18(Suppl 1): 76–83.
59.
EschbachJ.W., AbdulhadiM.H., BrowneJ.K.Recombinant human erythropoietin in anemic patients with end-stage renal disease.An Intern Med1989; 111: 992–1000.
60.
EdmundsM.E., WallsJ., TuckerB.Seizures in haemodialysis patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin.Nephrol Dial Transpl1989; 4: 1065–9.
61.
The US Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Predialysis Study Group.Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the therapeutic use of recombinant human erythropoietin for anemia associated with chronic renal failure in predialysis patients.Am J Kid Dis1991; 18: 50–9.
62.
RothD., SmithR.D., SchulmanG., BenzR.L., TeehanB.P.Effects of r-HuEPO on renal function in chronic renal failure pre-dialysis patients.Am J Kid Dis1994; 24: 777–84.
63.
ScharerK., KlareB., BraunA., DresselP., GretzN.Treatment of renal anemia by subcutaneous erythropoietin in children with preterminal chronic renal failure.Acta Paediatr1993; 82: 953–8.
64.
MaierR.F., ObladenM., ScigallaP.The effect of epoetin beta (recombinant human erythropoietin) on the need for transfusion in very-low-birth weight infants.NEngl J Med1994; 330: 1173–8.
65.
KrantzS.B.Erythropoietin and the anaemia of chronic disease.Nephrol Dial Transpl1995; 10 (Suppl 2): 10–7.
66.
PincusT., OlsenN.J., RusselI.J.Multicenter study of recombinant human erythropoietin in correction of anemia in rheumatoid arthritis.Am J Med1990; 89: 161–8.
67.
LudwigH., SundalE., PecherstorferM.Recombinant human erythropoietin for the correction of cancer associated anemia with and without concomitant cytotoxic chemotherapy.Cancer1995; 76: 2319–29.
68.
SchreiberS., HowaldtS., SchnoorM.Recombinant erythropoietin for the treatment of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease.N Engl J Med1996; 334: 619–23.
69.
ÖsterborgA., BoogaertsM.A., CiminoR.Recombinant human erythropoietin in transfusion-dependent anemic patients with multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma — A randomized multicenter study.N Engl J Med1996; 7: 2675–82.
70.
GoodnoughL.T., RudnickS., PriceT.H.Increased perioperative collection of autologous blood with recombinant human erythropoietin therapy.NEngl J Med1989; 321: 1163–8.
71.
PriceT.H., GoodnoughL.T., VoglerW.R.The effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on the efficacy of autologous blood donation in patients with low hematocrits: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.Transfusion1996; 36: 29–36.
72.
WrightonN.C., FarellF.X., ChangR.Small peptides as potent mimetics of the protein hormone erythropoietin.Science1996; 273: 458–63.
73.
LivnahO., SturaE.A., JohnsonD.L.Functional mimicry of a protein hormone by a peptide agonist: The EPO receptor complex at 2.8 A.Science1996; 273: 464–71.
74.
SetoguchiY., DanelC., CrystalR.G.Stimulation of erythropoiesis by in vivo gene therapy: physiologic consequences of transfer of the human erythropoietin gene to experimental animals using an adenovirus vector.Blood1994; 84(9): 2946–53.
75.
HamamoriY., SamalB., TianJ., KedesL.Myoblast transfer of human erythropoietin gene in a mouse model of renal failure.J Clin Invest1995; 95: 1808–13.