Transformed Mesothelial Cells in Patients on CAPD for Medium to Long Term Periods

Abstract

Objective

To describe the characteristics of abnormal cells present in the peritoneal effluent of 4 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients; the cells were accidentally detected in a longitudinal study of cell populations in 83 patients.

Design

Descriptive study.

Participants

Four stable CAPD patients (2 male, 2 female).

Interventions

Peritoneal cells were collected from nocturnal peritoneal effluent (NPE) by centrifugation.

Measurements

Light microscopy, ultrastructural, cytochemical, and immunohistochemical characteristics were studied.

Results

The abnormal cells were characterized by a flat appearance, large size (diameter 100 μm) -six to ten times larger than a normal macrophage, a broad acidophilic cytoplasm with rare granulations, and a low nucleus/cytoplasm ratio. The nucleus was pyknotic, with dense chromatin and sometimes appeared fragmented. Its number presented a considerable variability between the patients and was much higher in the 2 females. This number remained stable in each patient over time. These cells were negative for betaglucuronidase and positive for PAS stain with variable intensity. A very low number of flat cells were positive for vimentin with weak intensity, whereas cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) were positive in a higher number of cells with medium to strong intensity. Ultrastructural studies showed numerous short surface microvilli, cytoplasm well-developed with intracytoplasmic lumina and abundant, dispersed intermediate filaments, scattered mitochondria, and stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed. Dispersed secretory vacuoles and isolated lipid vacuoles were present.

Conclusion

All these features imply that they are mesothelial in origin and are suggestive of a change known as peritoneal squamous metaplasia. To date, the clinical follow-up of our patients has shown a benign outcome; further studies are necessary to elucidate the significance of this peritoneal squamous metaplasia in CAPD patients.