Should the Elderl Y be Denied Dialysis?

United States Renal Data System. 1991 Annual Data Report.

Fenton S.S.A. , Desmeules M. , Jeffery J.R. , Corman J.L. Dialysis therapy among elderly patients; data from the Canadian Organ Replacement Register, 1981–1991. In: Khanna R. , Nolph K.D. , Prowant B.F. , Twardowski Z.J. , Oreopoulos D.G. , eds. Advances in peritoneal dialysis. Toronto: Peritoneal Dialysis Bulletin, 1993; 9: 124–9.

Disney A.P.S. , ed. Fifteenth Report of the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA).

Kilner J.F. Selecting patients when resources are limited: a study of US medical directors of kidney dialysis and transplantation facilities. Am J Public Health 1988; 78: 144–7.

McKenzie J.M. Decisions for dialysis: survey of Canadian directors (Abstract). Vancouver: Canadian Society of Nephrology, 1993.

Boyajian J.A. On reaching a new agenda: self-determination and aging. In: Thornton J.E. , Winkler E.R. Ethics and aging. Vancouver: The University of British Columbia Press, 1988.

Callahan D. Setting limits: medical goals in an aging society. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987.

Hunt R.W. A critique of using age to ration health care. J Med Ethics 1993; 19–27.

Kjellstrand C. , Koppy K. , Umen A. , Nestrud S. , Westlie L. Hemodialysis of the elderly. In: Oreopoulos D.G. , ed. Geriatric nephrology. Amsterdam: Martinus Nijhoff, 1986.

Moody H. , Moody C. , Szabo E. , Kjellstrand C. Are old dialysis patients happy and can they fend for themselves or not? XIIth International Congress of Nephrology. Jerusalem, Israel, 1993.

Bennett J.C. Ethical aspects of aging: justice, freedom, and responsibility. In: Thornton J.E. , Winkler E.R. , eds. Ethics and aging. Vancouver: The University of British Columbia Press, 1988.

Kluge E-H.W. The calculus of discrimination: discriminatory resource allocation for an aging population. In: Thornton J.E. , Winkler E.R. , eds. Ethics and aging. Vancouver: The University of British Columbia Press, 1988.

Rothenberg L.S. Withholding and withdrawing dialysis from elderly ESRD patients: Part 1 -a historical view of the clinical experience. Geriatr Nephrol Urol 1992; 2: 109–17.

Rothenberg L.S. Withholding and withdrawing dialysis from elderly ESRD patients: Part 2 -ethical and policy issues. Geriatr Nephrol Urol 1993; 3: 23–41.