This paper describes the use of glycylglycine to prepare dialysis solution containing bicarbonate, calcium and magnesium. Bicarbonate with glycylglycine form a buffer with a constant pH of 7.35, which prevents reaction with calcium or magnesium and the formation of insoluble carbonate salts. This bicarbonate-based solution is stable over long periods and can be used with the same simplicity and convenience as lactate solution for peritoneal dialysis (PD) in humans.
GraffeU., MilutinovichJ., FollettV.C.Less dialysis induced morbibity and vascular instability with bicarbonate in dialysate.Ann Intern Med1978; 88: 332–36.
2.
PagelM.D., AhmadS., VizzoJ.E.Acetate and bicarbonate fluctuations and acetate intolerance during dialysis.Kidney Int1982; 21: 513–18.
3.
VaziriN.D., NessR., WelliksonL.Bicarbonate buffered peritoneal dialysis. An effective adjunct in the treatment of lactic acidosis.Am J Med1979; 67: 392–96.
4.
IngT.S., QuonM.G., DaugirdasJ.T.Online preparation of bicarbonate containing dialysate for PD.Int J Art Organs1983; 4: 308–11.
ForresterR.L., WatajiJ.J., SilvermanD.A.Enzymatic method fordetermination of CO2 in serum.Clin Chem1976; 22: 243–45.
7.
SchwartzT.B., RobertsonM.S., HolmesL.B.A.Microdiffusion method for the determination of plasma glycine.J Lab Clin Med1955; 46: 657–61.
8.
CraftI.L., GeddesD., HydeC.W.Absorption and malabsorption of glycine and glycine peptides in man.Gut1968; 9: 425–37.
9.
AbottW., SheaP.The treatment of temporary renal insufficiency (uremia) by peritoneal lavage.Am J Med Sci1946; 211: 312–19.
10.
MionC.M.Practical use of peritoneal dialysis. In: DrukkerW., ParsonsF.M., MaherJ.F., eds. Replacement of Renal Function by DialysisBoston: Martinus Nijhoff, 1983: 476.
11.
NolphK.D., CutlerS.J., SteinbergS.M.Factors associated with morbibity and mortality among patients on CAPD.ASAIO Trans1987; 33: 57–65.
12.
BennettH.P.J., McMartinC.Peptides, hormones and their analogs: Distribution, clearance from the circulation, and inactivation in vivo.Pharmacol Rev1979; 30: 247–92.
13.
CohnR.M., YudkoffM., RothmanR.Isovaleric acidemia: Use of glycine therapy in neonatesNew Engl J Med1978; 299: 996–99.
14.
NalinD.R., CashR.A., MetalPahmanEffectofglycine and glucose on sodium and water absorption in patient with cholera.Gut1970; 17: 768–72.
15.
SherrattH.S.A., Ai-BassamS.S.Glycine in ackee poisoning.Lancet1976; 2: 1243.
16.
NesbitR.M., GlickmanS.I.Use of glycine as irrigating medium during transurethral resection.J Urol1948; 59: 1212–17.
17.
MadsenP.D., NaberK.G.The importance of the pressure in the prostatic fossa and absorption of irrigation fluid during transurethral resection of the prostate.J Urol1973; 109: 446–452.
18.
ReuterM., ReuterH.J.Prevention of irrigation absorption during transurethral resection of the prostate: Continuous low pressure irrigation.Int Urol Nephrol1978; 10: 293–300.
19.
ObsornD.E., RaoP.N., GreeneN.J.Fluid absorption during transurethral resection.Brit Med J1980; 281: 1549–50.
20.
HutchessonC.A.J., WilkinsonP.A.Transient hyperglycinemia after transurethral surgery: Are metabolites of glycine significant?Clin Chem1990; 36: 7045.
21.
OreopoulosD.G., CrosswellerP., KatirtzoglouA.Amino acids as an osmotic agent (instead of glycose) in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. In: CAPD: Proceedings of an International Symposium, LegrainM., ed. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1980: 335.
22.
KhannaR., WuG., RodellaH., OreopoulosD.G.Use of amino acid containing solution in CAPD patients.Perit Dial Bull1984; 4: 121–24.
23.
BrunoM., BagnisC., MarangellaM.CAPD with amino acid dialysis solution. A long-term, cross-over study.Kidney Int1989; 35: 1189–94.
24.
ArfeenS., GoodshipT.H.J., KirkwoodA.The nutritional/metabolic and hormonal effects of 8 weeks of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with 1 % amino acid solution.Clin Nephrol1990; 33: 192–99.
BatterwortC.E., SantiniRjr, Perez-SantiagoAjrThe absorption of glycine and its conversion to serine in patients with sprue.J Clin Invest1958; 37: 20–7.
27.
BlakelyP.D.The interconversion of serine and glycine: Role of pteroglutamic acid and other cofactors.Biochem J1954; 58: 448–58.
28.
ElvynD., WeisbachA., HenryS.S.The biosynthesis of choline from serine and related compounds.J Biol Chem1955; 213: 281–95.
29.
KoppleJ.D.Amino acid metabolism in chronic renal failure In: BlackburnG.L., GrantJ.P., YoungV.R. eds. Amino Acids.Metabolism and Medical Applications Boston: John Wright PSG Inc., 1983: 451.
30.
DombrosN., OrenA., MarlissE.B.Plasma amino acid profiles and amino acid losses in patients undergoing CAPD.Perit Dial Bull1982; 2: 27–31.
31.
LindholmB., AlvestrandA., FurstP.Plasma and muscle free amino acids during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Kidney Int1989; 35: 1219–26.
ZagerR.A., VenkatachalamM.A.Potentiation of is chemic renal injury by amino acid infusion.Kidney Int1983; 24: 620–25.
34.
MalisC.D., RacusenC., SolekK.Nephrotoxicity of Iycine and a single dose of aminoglycoside in rats given Iycine.J Lab Clin Med1984; 103: 660–76.
35.
ZagerR.A.Amino acid hyperalimentation in acute renal failure: A potential therapeutic paradox.Kidney Int1987; 32: S72–5.
36.
KlauseH., GronowG., NiedermayerW.Cytotoxicity of histidine in renal preservation (Abstract).Kidney Int1990; 37: 1183–84.
37.
WeinbergJ.M., DavisJ.A., AbarzuaMCytoprotective effect of glycine and glutathione against hypoxic injury to renal tubules.J Clin Invest1987; 80: 144654.
38.
DavisJ.A., AbarzuaM., RazanI.Clycine protects proximal tubules from injury by a variety of metabolic inhibitors (Abstract).Kidney Int1988; 33: 557.
39.
GabbaiF.B., PetersonO.W., BlantzR.C.Protective effect of glycine (G) infusion in a single model acute renal failure (ARF) (Abstract).Kidney Int1989; 35: 406.
40.
WeinbergJ.A., DavisJ.A., AbarzuaM.Recovery of metabolic inhibitor-treated tubules protected by glycine (GLY) or GSH (Abstract).Kidney Int1989; 35: 420.
41.
AlmeidaA., ByrkeT.J., SchrierR.W.Glycine (Gy) prevents membrane injury due to extracellular phosphate depletion or excess in normoxic rat proximal tubules (RPT) in vitro (Abstract).Kidney Int1990; 37: 453.
42.
EpsteinF.H., SilvaP., SpokesK.Prevention with glycine of acute renal failure caused by cis-platinum (Abstract).Kidney Int1990; 37: 480.
