Peritonitis is the most common infectious complication of chronic peritoneal dialysis in children and the most common reason for hospitalization. Although the most common organisms responsible for peritonitis are gram-positive bacteria, peritonitis has not previously been reported secondary to Streptococcus salivarius, one of the 26 species in the Streptococcus viridians group. We describe a 4-month-old male who developed S. salivarius peritonitis while receiving automated peritoneal dialysis and who was successfully treated with a 14-day course of intraperitoneal vancomycin. Subtyping episodes of S. viridans-related infection is essential for the identification of S. salivarius.
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