Peritoneal dialysis has a high acceptance rate in Latin America, thus the
knowledge concerning complication patterns is of great relevance. This work
reviews Latin American data on peritonitis, the most serious complication of
peritoneal dialysis.
The incidence of peritonitis has been reduced over time, concomitantly with the
incorporation of safer exchange systems and the use of prophylactic
measurements. Today, rates lower than 1 episode per 24 patient-months are
commonly reported. Furthermore, changes in causative organisms have been
observed, with predominance of Staphylococcus aureus up through
the mid-1990s, as well as increases in coagulase-negative staphylococcus and
participation of gram negatives. However, the prevalence of S.
aureus is still high, due possibly to climatic conditions and the
elevated prevalence of carriers. Resolution rate varies from 55% to 78%,
transfer to hemodialysis from 10.9% to 15.4%, and death in 3% to 9.9% of cases.
Outcome is worse in S. aureus episodes compared to those with
coagulase-negative staphylococcus, despite the higher percentage of
oxacillin-resistant strains among the former. In general, despite socioeconomic
or climatic conditions, our results are similar to those in developed countries,
perhaps as a consequence of technological improvements and/or center
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