Should the Doqi Adequacy Guidelines be used to Standardize the Peritoneal Dialysis Dose in Children?

Scribner B. , Buri R. , Caner J. The treatment of chronic uremia by means of intermittent hemodialysis: a preliminary report (Abstract). Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1960; 6: 114.

Popovich R. , Moncrief J. , Decherd J. Physiologic transport parameters in patients in peritoneal and hemodialysis. In: Proceedings of the Annual Contractor's Conference of the Artificial Kidney Program of the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. Bethesda: U.S. National Institutes of Health; 1976: 77–1167.

Lowrie E.G. History and organization of the National Cooperative Dialysis Study. Kidney Int 1983; 23(Suppl 13): S1–7.

Churchill D.N. , Taylor D.W. , Keshaviah P.R. , and the CANUSA Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group. Adequacy of dialysis and nutrition in continuous peritoneal dialysis: association with clinical outcomes. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996; 7: 198–207.

National Kidney Foundation. NKF–DOQI clinical practice guidelines for peritoneal dialysis adequacy. Am J Kidney Dis 1997; 30(Suppl 2): S67–136.

National Kidney Foundation. NKF–K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for peritoneal dialysis adequacy: update 2000. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 37(Suppl 1): S65–136.

Laird N.M. , Berkey C.S. , Lowrie E.G. Modeling success or failure of dialysis therapy: the National Cooperative Dialysis Study. Kidney Int 1983; 23(Suppl 13): S101–6.

Lowrie E.G. , Laird N.M. , Henry R.R. Protocol for the National Cooperative Dialysis Study. Kidney Int 1983; 23(Suppl 13): S11–18.

Lowrie E.G. , Teehan B.P. Principles of prescribing dialysis therapy: implementing recommendations from the National Cooperative Dialysis Study. Kidney Int 1983; 23(Suppl 13): S113–22.

Parker T.F. , Reed R.B. , Lowrie E.G. Description of the participating centers and the patient population in the National Cooperative Dialysis Study. Kidney Int 1983; 23(Suppl 13): S37–41.

Parker T.F. , Laird N.M. , Lowrie E.G. Comparison of the study groups in the National Cooperative Dialysis Study and a description of morbidity, mortality, and patient withdrawal. Kidney Int 1983; 23(Suppl 13): S42–9.

Gotch F.A. , Sargent J.A. A mechanistic analysis of the National Cooperative Dialysis Study (NCDS). Kidney Int 1985; 28: 526–34.

Lowrie E.G. , Lew N.L. Death risk in hemodialysis patients: the predictive value of commonly measured variables and an evaluation of death rate differences between facilities. Am J Kidney Dis 1990; 15: 458–82.

Lowrie E.G. , Laird N.M. , Parker T.F. , Sargent J.A. Effect of the hemodialysis prescription of patient morbidity: report from the National Cooperative Dialysis Study. N Engl J Med 1981; 305: 1176–81.

Borah M F. , Schoenfeld P.Y. , Gotch F.A. , Sargent J.A. , Wolfsen M. , Humphreys M.H. Nitrogen balance during intermittent dialysis therapy of uremia. Kidney Int 1978; 14: 491–500.

Lindsay R.M. , Spanner E. , Heidenheim R P. , LeFebvre J.M. , Hodsman A. , Baird J. Which comes first, Kt/V or PCR—chicken or egg? Kidney Int 1992; 42(Suppl 38): S32–6.

Teschan P.E. , Ginn H.E. , Bourne J.R. , Ward J.W. , Schaffer J.D.A. Prospective study of reduced dialysis. ASAIO J 1983; 6: 108–22.

Depner T.A. Prescribing Hemodialysis: a Guide to Urea Modeling. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991: 289.

Depner T.A. Benefits of more frequent dialysis: lower TAC at the same Kt/V. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13(Suppl 6): 20–4.

Hakim R.M. , Depner T.A. , Parker T.F. Adequacy of hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 1992; 20: 107–23.

Charra B. , Calemard E. , Chazot C. , Terrat J.C. , Vanel T. , Ruffet M. , Laurent G. Dose of dialysis: what index? Blood Purif 1992; 10: 13–21.

Charra B. Improving adequacy improves haemodialysis outcome. EDTNA ERCA J 2000; 26: 6–10, 19.

Depner T.A. , Beck G. , Daugirdas J. , Kusek J. , Eknoyan G. Lessons from the Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study: an improved measure of the actual hemodialysis dose. Am J Kidney Dis 1999; 33: 142–9.

Teehan B. , Schleifer C. , Brown J. , Sigler M. , Raimondo J. Urea kinetic analysis and clinical outcome on CAPD. A five year longitudinal study. Adv Perit Dial 1990; 6: 181–5.

Genestier S. , Hedelin G. , Schaffer P. , Faller B. Prognostic factors in CAPD patients: a retrospective study of a 10-year period. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995; 10: 1905–11.

Maiorca R. , Brunori G. , Zubani R. , Cancarini G. , Manili L. , Camerini C. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995; 10: 2295–305.

Chen H. , Shetty A. , Afthentopoulos I. , Oreopoulos D. Discrepancy between weekly KT/V and weekly creatinine clearance in patients on CAPD. Adv Perit Dial 1995; 11: 83–7.

Schaefer F. , Wolf S. , Klaus G. , Langenbeck D. , Mehls O. Higher Kt/V urea associated with greater protein catabolic rate and dietary protein intake in children treated with CCPD compared to CCPD. Adv Perit Dial 1994; 10: 310–14.

Bergström J. , Furst P. , Alvestrand A. , Lindholm B. Protein and energy intake, nitrogen balance and nitrogen losses in patients treated with CAPD. Kidney Int 1993; 44: 1048–57.

Malhotra D. , Tzamaloukas A. , Murata G. , Fox L. , Goldman R. , Avasthi P. Serum albumin in continuous peritoneal dialysis: its predictors and relationship to urea clearance. Kidney Int 1996; 50: 1501–7.

Turenne M.N. , Port F.K. , Strawderman R.L. , Ettenger R.B. , Alexander S.R. , Lewy J.E. Growth rates in pediatric dialysis patients and renal transplant patient. Am J Kidney Dis 1997; 30: 193–203.

Warady B.A. , Hebert D. , Sullivan E.K. , Alexander S.R. , Tejani A. Renal transplantation, chronic dialysis, and chronic renal insufficiency in children and adolescents: the 1995 annual report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study. Pediatr Nephrol 1997; 11: 49–64.

Rizzoni G. , Broyer M. , Brunner F.P. , Brynger H. , Challah S. , Kramer P. Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation of children in Europe, XIII, 1983. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc Eur Ren Assoc 1985; 21: 66–95.

Tom A. , McCauley L. , Bell L. , Rodd C. , Espinosa P. , Yu G. Growth during maintenance hemodialysis: impact of enhanced nutrition and clearance. J Pediatr 1999; 134: 464–71.

Sharma A. , Espinosa P. , Bell L. , Tom A. , Rodd C. Multicompartment urea kinetics in well-dialyzed children. Kidney Int 2000; 58: 2138–46.

American Dietetic Association. A Clinical Guide to Nutrition Care in End-Stage Renal Disease. 2nd ed. Chicago: American Dietetic Association; 1994.

National Kidney Foundation. NKF–DOQI clinical practice guidelines for hemodialysis adequacy. Am J Kidney Dis 1997; 30(Suppl 2): S15–66.

Katz A. , Bock G. , Mauer S. Improved growth with intensive dialysis. Cause or coincidence? Pediatr Nephrol 2000; 14: 710–12.

Schaefer F. , Klaus G. , Mehls O. Peritoneal transport properties and dialysis dose affect growth and nutritional status in children on chronic peritoneal dialysis. Mid-European Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 1786–92.

Bargman J.M. , Thorpe K.E. , Churchill D.N. Relative contribution of residual renal function and peritoneal clearance to adequacy of dialysis: a reanalysis of the CANUSA study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12: 2158–62.

Chadha V. , Blowey D.L. , Warady B.A. Is growth a valid outcome measure of dialysis clearance in children undergoing peritoneal dialysis? Perit Dial Int 2001; 21(Suppl 3): S179–84.

Sharma A.K. Reassessing hemodialysis adequacy in children: the case for more. Pediatr Nephrol 2001; 16: 383–90.