This paper reviews and compares the strengths and weaknesses of radiographic techniques including periapical, occlusal, panoramic, direct digital, motion tomography, and computed tomography. Practical considerations for each method, including availability and accessibility, are discussed. To date, digital subtraction radiography is the most versatile and sensitive method for measuring boss loss. It can detect both bone height and bone mass changes on root-form or blade-form dental implants. Criteria for implant success have changed substantially over the past two decades. In clinical trials of dental implants, the outcomes require certain radiographic analyses to address the hypothesis or clinical question adequately. Radiographic methods best suited to the objective assessment of implant performance and hypothesis were reviewed.
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