Through the study of host responses in periodontal diseases, the role of the neutrophil as an important protective cell in the pathogenesis of disease has become apparent. In this report, we examine the neutrophil defects associated with localized juvenile periodontitis to include defects of cell surface protein expression, defects of signal transduction, and defects of bactericidal activity. We report that LJP neutrophils are deficient in chemotactic factor receptors and a chemotaxis-related glycoprotein (GP110). There is a deficit of signal transduction, resulting in a decrease in leukotriene B4 production, and the LJP neutrophil is deficient in its ability to kill the periodontal pathogen, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The study of neutrophil biology in the LJP model and the application of these studies to the more prevalent disease, adult periodontitis, are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Baehni, P.; Tsai, C.C.; McArthur, W.P.; Hammond, B.F.; and Taichman, N.S. (1979): Interaction of Inflammatory Cells and Oral Organisms. VII. Detection of Leukotoxic Activity of a Plaque-derived Gram-negative Microorganism , Infect Immun24: 233-243.
2.
Bauer, W.H. (1946): The Supporting Tissues of the Tooth in Acute Secondary Agranulocytosis (Arsphenamin Neutropenia), J Dent Res25: 501-508.
3.
Bissada, N.F.; Manouchehr-Pour, M.; Haddon, M.; and Spagnuolo, P.J. (1982): Neutrophil Functional Activity in Juvenile and Adult Onset Diabetic Patients with Mild and Severe Periodontitis, J Dent Res17: 500-502.
4.
Charon, J.A.; Mergenhagen, S.E.; and Gallin, J.I. (1985): Gingivitis and Oral Ulceration in Patients with Neutrophil Dysfunction, J Oral Pathol14: 150-155.
5.
Christersson, L.A.; Albini, B.; Zambon, J.; Slots, J.; and Genco, R.J. (1983): Demonstration of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in the Gingiva of Localized Juvenile Periodontitis Patients, J Dent Res62: 198, Abstr. No. 256.
6.
Cianciola, L.J.; Genco, R.J.; Patters, M.R.; McKenna, J.; and Van Oss, C.J. (1977): Defective Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Function in Human Periodontal Disease, Nature (London)265: 445-447.
7.
Clark, R.A.; Page, R.C.; and Wilde, G. (1977): Defective Neutrophil Chemotaxis in Juvenile Periodontitis , Infect Immun18: 694-700.
8.
Cohen, D.W. and Morris, A.L. (1961): Periodontal Manifestation of Cyclic Neutropenia , J Perio32: 159-168.
9.
Cotter, T.G. and Henson, P.M. (1983): A Cell Surface Differentiation Antigen Involved in Human Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Degranulation, Clin Exp Immunol53: 249-253.
10.
Cotter, T.G. and Henson, P.M. (1984): Purification and Characterization of an Antigen Involved in Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Degranulation Using a Monoclonal Antibody , Eur J Immunol14: 249-253.
11.
Ellegaard, B.; Borregaard, N.; and Ellegaard, J. (1984): Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis in Juvenile Periodontitis, J Periodont Res19: 261-268.
12.
Evans, R.T. and Genco, R.J. (1983): Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Resistance to Serum Bactericidal Activity: A Potential Virulence Mechanism, J Dent Res62: 657, Abst. No. 70 (IADR).
13.
Genco, R.J. and Slots, J. (1984): Host Responses in Periodontal Diseases, J Dent Res63: 441-451.
14.
Genco, R.J.; Van Dyke, T.E.; Park, B.; Ciminelli, M.; and Horoszewicz, H. (1980): Neutrophil Chemotaxis Impairment in Juvenile Periodontitis: Evaluation of Specificity, Adherence, Deformability and Serum Factors, J Reticuloendo Soc28 (Suppl): 81s-91s.
15.
Gillett, R. and Wilton, J.M.A. (1981): Transmission Electron Microscopy of Inflammatory Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes from Patients with Juvenile Periodontitis and Normal Subjects, IADR Progr & Abst60: Abst. No. 175.
16.
Greenblatt, I. and Robertson, R.B. (1979): Impaired Neutrophil Chemotaxis in Patients with Juvenile and Rapidly Progressing Periodontitis, J Periodont Res14: 10-19.
17.
Hamilton, R.E. and Giansanti, J.S. (1974): Chediak-Higashi Syndrome: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature, Oral Surg37: 754-761.
18.
Jentoft, N. and Dearborn, D.G. (1979): Labeling of Proteins by Reductive Methylation Using Sodium Cyanoborohydride, J Biol Chem254: 4359-4365.
19.
Kalmar, J.R.; Arnold, R.R.; and Van Dyke, T.E. (1987): Direct Interaction of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans with Normal and Defective (LJP) Neutrophils, J Periodont Res22: 179-181.
20.
Laemmli, U.K. (1970): Cleavage of Structural Proteins during Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4, Nature (London)227: 680-685.
21.
Murray, P.A. and Patters, M.R. (1980): Gingival Crevice Neutrophil in Periodontal Lesions , J Periodont Res15: 463-469.
22.
Offenbacher, S.; Odle, B.; Green, M.; and Van Dyke, T.E.: Altered Neutrophil Metabolism of Arachidonic Acid in Juvenile Periodontitis , Infect Immun (submitted).
Ranney, R.R.; Yanni, N.R.; Burmeister, J.A.; and Tew, J.G. (1982): Relationship Between Attachment Loss and Precipitating Serum Antibody to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Adolescents and Young Adults Having Severe Periodontal Destruction, J Periodontol53: 1-7.
25.
Saglie, F.R.; Carranza, F.A., Jr. ; Newman, M.G.; Cheng, L.; and Lewin, K.J. (1982): Identification of Tissue-invading Bacteria in Human Periodontal Disease , J Periodont Res17: 452-455.
26.
Sandholm, L. (1984): Cells and Cellular Interactions in Gingival Crevice Washing from Patients with Juvenile Periodontitis, Scand J Dent Res92: 436-442.
27.
Shenker, B.J.; McArthur, W.P.; and Tsai, C.C. (1982a): Immune Suppression Induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. II. Effects on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Responses to Mitogens and Antigens, J Immunol128: 148-154.
28.
Shenker, B.J.; Tsai, C.C.; and Taichman, N.S. (1982b): Suppression of Lymphocyte Responses by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, J Periodont Res17: 462-465.
29.
Shurin, S.B.; Socransky, S.S.; Sweeney, E.; and Stossel, T.P. (1979): A Neutrophil Disorder Induced by Capnocytophaga, a Dental Microorganism, New Engl J Med301: 849-854.
30.
Suzuki, J.B.; Park, S.K.; Nauman, R.K.; and Falkler, W. (1983): Lymphocyte AMLR and Neutrophil Function During Periodontal Therapy, J Dent Res62 (Sp Iss): 667, Abst. No. 162 (IADR).
31.
Suzuki, J.B.; Collison, B.C.; Falkler, W.A.; and Nauman, R.K. (1984): Immunologic Profile of Juvenile Periodontitis. II. Neutrophil Chemotaxis, Phagocytosis, and Spore Germination, J Periodontol55: 461-467.
32.
Tempel, T.R.; Kimball, H.R.; Kakehashi, S.; and Amen, C.R. (1972): Host Factors in Periodontal Disease; Periodontal Manifestations of Chediak-Higashi Syndrome. Second International Conference on Periodontal Research, J Periodont Res7 (Suppl): 26-27.
33.
Van Dyke, T.E. (1985): Role of the Neutrophil in Oral Disease: Receptor Deficiency in Leukocytes in Patients with Juvenile Periodontitis, Rev Infect Dis7: 419-425.
34.
Van Dyke, T.E.; Bartholomew, E.; Genco, R.J.; Slots, J.; and Levine, M.J. (1982a): Inhibition of Neutrophil Chemotaxis by Soluble Bacterial Factors, J Periodontol53: 502-508.
35.
Van Dyke, T.E.; Horoszewicz, H.U.; Cianciola, L.J.; and Genco, R.J. (1980): Neutrophil Chemotaxis Dysfunction in Human Periodontitis , Infect Immun27: 124-132.
36.
Van Dyke, T.E.; Horoszewicz, H.U.; and Genco, R.J. (1982b): The Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte (PMNL) Locomotor Defect in Juvenile Periodontitis. Study of Random Migration, Chemokinesis, and Chemotaxis, J Periodontol53: 682-687.
37.
Van Dyke, T.E.; Levine, M.J.; and Genco, R.J. (1985): Neutrophil Function and Oral Disease, J Oral Pathol14: 95-120.
38.
Van Dyke, T.E.; Levine, M.J.; Tabak, L.A.; and Genco, R.J. (1983): Periodontitis as a Model for Neutrophil Function: Reduced Binding of the Complement Chemotactic Fragment, C5a, J Dent Res62: 870-872.
39.
Van Dyke, T.E.; Levine, M.J.; Tabak, L.A.; and Genco, R.J. (1981): Reduced Chemotactic Peptide Binding in Juvenile Periodontitis : A Model for Neutrophil Function, Biochem Biophys Res Commun100: 1278-1284.
40.
Van Dyke, T.E.; Wilson-Burrows, C.; Offenbacher, S.; and Henson, P. (1987): Association of an Abnormality of Neutrophil Chemotaxis in Human Periodontal Disease with a Cell Surface Protein, Infect Immun55: 2262-2267.
41.
Van Dyke, T.T.; Zinney, W.; Winkel, A.; Taufiq, A.; Offenbacher, S.; and Arnold, R.R. (1986): Neutrophil Function in Localized Juvenile Periodontitis: Phagocytosis, Superoxide Production and Specific Granule Release, J Periodontol57: 703-708.
42.
Wright, J.T.; Elmer, W.A.; and Dunlop, A.T. (1982): A Simple Method for Plasma Membrane Isolation from Embryonic Tissue Using Positively Charged Microcarriers, Anal Biochem125: 100-104.
