The microbial flora in adult advanced periodontitis lesions is comprised of Gram-negative rods, with Bacteroides gingivalis as one of the major representatives. This review deals with biological properties of surface antigens, hemagglutinin (attachment factor), and capsular structure of B. gingivalis. Sera containing high IgG antibody levels to B. gingivalis enhanced the complement-mediated bactericidal activity in vitro, although the susceptibility to complement-mediated lysis differed among B. gingivalis strains. The protective effect of immunization against B. gingival is infection was examined in hamsters in which cotton threads had been tied to the gingival margins of the mandibular first molar. Repeated oral topical application of hyper-immune sera against B. gingivalis resulted in effective elimination of the organisms from the periodontal lesions in the experimental animals.
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