Alanen P, Holsti M-L, Pienihäkkinen K (2000a). Sealants and xylitol chewing gum are equal in caries prevention. Acta Odontol Scand58:279–258.
2.
Alanen P, Isokangas P, Gutman K (2000b). Xylitol candies in caries prevention. Results from a field study in Estonian children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol28:218–224.
3.
Assev S, Stig S, Scheie AA (2002). Cariogenic traits in xylitol-resistant and xylitol-sensitive mutans streptococci. Oral Microbiol Immunol17:95–99.
4.
Bader JD, Shugars DA, Bonito AJ (2001). A systematic review of selected caries prevention and management methods. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol29:399–411.
5.
Burt BA (2006). The use of sorbitol- and xylitol-sweetened chewing gum in caries control. J Am Dent Assoc137:190–196; erratum in J Am Dent Assoc 137:447, 2006.
6.
Haresaku S, Hanioka T, Tsutsui A, Yamamoto M, Chou T, Gunjishima Y (2007). Long-term effect of xylitol gum use on mutans streptococci in adults. Caries Res41:198–203.
7.
Hausen H, Seppä L, Poutanen R, Niinimaa A, Lahti S, Kärkkäinen S, et al. (2007). Noninvasive control of dental caries in children with active initial lesions. A randomized clinical trial. Caries Res41:384–391.
8.
Hayes C (2001). The effect of non-cariogenic sweeteners on the prevention of dental caries: A review of the evidence. J Dent Health Educ65: 1106–1109.
9.
Hayes C (2002). Xylitol gum decreases the decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS) score over a 3-year period by an average of 1.9. J Evid Base Pract2:14–15.
10.
Honkala E, Honkala S, Shyama M, Al-Mutawa SA (2006). Field trial on caries prevention with xylitol candies among disabled school students. Caries Res40:508–513.
11.
Isokangas P, Söderling E, Pienihäkkinen K, Alanen P (2000). Occurrence of dental decay in children after maternal consumption of xylitol chewing gum, a follow-up from 0 to 5 years of age. J Dent Res79:1885–1889.
12.
Jannesson L, Renvert S, Kjellsdotter P, Gaffar A, Nabi N, Birkhed D (2002). Effect of a triclosan-containing toothpaste supplemented with 10% xylitol on mutans streptococci in saliva and plaque. Caries Res36:36–39.
13.
Kovari H, Pienihäkkinen K, Alanen P (2003). Use of xylitol chewing gums in daycare-centers: a follow-up study in Savonlinna, Finland. Acta Odontol Scand61:367–370.
14.
Lif Holgerson P, Stecksén-Blicks C, Sjöström I, Öberg M, Twetman S (2006). Xylitol concentration in saliva and dental plaque after intake and use of various xylitol-containing products. Caries Res40: 393–397.
15.
Lif Holgerson P, Sjöström I, Stecksén-Blicks C, Twetman S (2007). Dental plaque formation and effects on salivary mutans streptococci in children after use of xylitol-containing chewing gums. Int J Paediatr Dent17:79–85.
16.
Lingström P, Holm AK, Mejàre I, Twetman S, Söder B, Norlund A, et al. (2003). Dietary factors in the prevention of dental caries: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand61:331–340.
17.
Ly KA, Milgrom P, Rothen M (2006a). Xylitol, sweeteners and dental caries. Pediatr Dent28:154–163.
18.
Ly KA, Milgrom P, Roberts MC, Yamaguchi DK, Rothen M, Mueller G (2006b). Linear response of mutans streptococci to increasing frequency of xylitol chewing gum use: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Oral Health6:6.
19.
Maguire A, Rugg-Gunn A (2003). Xylitol and caries prevention—is it a magical bullet? Br Dent J194:429–436.
20.
Machiulskiene V, Nyvad B, Baelum V (2001). Caries preventive effect of sugar-substituted chewing gum. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol29:278–288.
21.
Mäkinen KK, Isotupa KP, Kivilompolo T, Mäkinen PL, Murtomaa S, Petäjä J, et al. (2002). The effect of polyol-combinant stimulants on S. mutans levels in plaque and saliva of patients with mental retardation. Spec Care Dentist22:187–193.
Milgrom P, Ly KA, Roberts MC, Rothen M, Mueller G, Yamaguchi DK (2006). Mutans streptococci dose response to xylitol chewing gum. J Dent Res85:177–181.
24.
Oscarson P, Lif Holgerson P, Sjöström I, Twetman S, Stecksén-Blicks C (2006). Influence of a low xylitol-dose on mutans streptococci colonisation and caries development in preschool children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent7:142–147.
25.
Scheie A, Fejerskov O (1998). Xylitol in caries prevention: what is the evidence for clinical efficacy? Oral Dis4:268–278.
26.
Sengun A, Sari Z, Ramoglu SI, Malkoc S, Duran I (2004). Evaluation of the dental plaque pH recovery effect of a xylitol lozenge on patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Angle Orthod74:240–244.
27.
Simons D, Brailsford SR, Kidd EAM, Beighton D (2002). The effect of medicated chewing gums on oral health in frail older people: a 1-year clinical trial. J Am Geriatr Soc50:1348–1353.
28.
Sintes JL, Elias-Boneta A, Stewart B, Volpe AR, Lovett J (2002). Anticaries efficacy of a sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice containing xylitol in a dicalcium phosphate dehydrate base: a 30-month caries clinical study in Costa Rica. Am J Dent15:215–219.
29.
Söderling E, Isokangas P, Pienihäkkinen K, Tenovuo J (2000). Influence of maternal xylitol consumption on acquisition of mutans streptococci by infants. J Dent Res79:882–887.
30.
Stecksén-Blicks C, Lif Holgerson P, Olsson M, Bylund B, Sjöström I, Sköld-Larsson K, et al. (2004). Effect of xylitol on mutans streptococci and lactic acid formation in saliva and plaque from adolescents and young adults with fixed orthodontic appliances. Eur J Oral Sci112: 244–248.
31.
Stecksén-Blicks C, Lif Holgerson P, Twetman S (2008). Effect of xylitol and xylitol-fluoride lozenges on approximal caries development in high caries risk children. Int J Paediatr Dent18:170–177.
32.
Tanzer JM, Thompson A, Wen ZT, Burne RA (2006). Streptococcus mutans: fructose transport, xylitol resistance, and virulence. J Dent Res85: 369–367.
33.
Thorild I, Lindau B, Twetman S (2006). Caries in 4-year-old children after maternal exposure to chewing gums containing combinations of xylitol, sorbitol, chlorhexidine and fluoride. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent7:241–245.
34.
Twetman S, Stecksen-Blicks C (2003). Effect of xylitol-containing chewing gums on lactic acid production in dental plaque from caries active pre-school children. Oral Health Prev Dent1:195–199.
35.
Van Loveren C (2004). Sugar alcohols: what is the evidence for caries-preventive and caries-therapeutic effects? Caries Res38:286–293.