This article deals with the role of the construct of tacit knowledge-what one needs to know that usually is not explicitly taught and that often is not even verbalized-in enhancing education for immigrants. The article is divided into seven brief parts, covering the nature of tacit knowledge, the form of tacit knowledge, kinds of tacit knowledge, acquisition of tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge about competence, the role of tacit knowledge in abilities broadly defined, and conclusions.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Berry, J. W.
(1974). Radical cultural relativism and the concept of intelligence. In J. W. Berry & P. R. Dasen (Eds.), Culture and cognition: Readings in cross-cultural psychology (pp. 225-229). London: Methuen.
2.
Berry, J. W.
(1997). Immigration, acculturation and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46(1), 5-68.
3.
Byrne, D.
(1971). The attraction paradigm. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
4.
Chi, M.T.H.
, Glaser, R., & Rees, E. (1982). Expertise in problem solving. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Advances in the psychology of human intelligence (Vol. 1, pp. 7-75). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
5.
Cole, M.
, Gay, J., Glick, J., & Sharp, D. W. (1971). The cultural context of learning and thinking. New York: Basic Books.
6.
Davidson, J. E.
(1995). The suddenness of insight. In R. J. Sternberg & J. E. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of insight (pp. 125-155). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
7.
Ericsson, K. A.
(Ed.). (1996). The road to excellence. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
8.
Ericsson, K. A.
, & Smith, J. (Eds.). (1991). Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
9.
Feuerstein, R.
(1980). Instrumental enrichment: An intervention program for cognitive modifiability. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press
10.
Gardner, H.
, Krechevsky, M., Sternberg, R. J., & Okagaki, L. (1994). Intelligence in context: Enhancing students' practical intelligence for school. In K. McGilly (Ed.), Classroom lessons: Integrating cognitive theory and classroom practice (pp. 105-127). Cambridge, MA: Bradford.
11.
Greenfield, P.
(1997). You can't take it with you: Why ability assessments don't cross cultures. American Psychologist, 10, 1115-1124.
12.
Hall, E. T.
(1966). The hidden dimension. New York: Doubleday.
13.
Heath, S. B.
(1983). Ways with words. New York: Cambridge University Press.
14.
Hoffman, R. R.
(Ed.). (1992). The psychology of expertise: Cognitive research and empirical AL. New York: Springer-Verlag.
15.
Horvath, J. A.
, Forsythe, G. B., Sweeney, P., McNally, J., Wattendorf, J., Williams, W. M., & Sternberg, R. J. (1994). Tacit knowledge and military leadership: Evidence from officer interviews (ARI Technical Report No. 1018). Alexandria, VA: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.
16.
Okagaki, L.
, & Sternberg, R. J. (1993). Parental beliefs and children's school performance. Child Development, 64, 36-56.
17.
Perkins, D. N.
(1995). Insight in minds and genes. In R. J. Sternberg & J. E. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of insight (pp. 495-534). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
18.
Polanyi, M.
(1967). The tacit dimension. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
19.
Sternberg, R. J.
(1985a). Beyond IQ: A triarchic theory of human intelligence. New York: Cambridge University Press.
20.
Sternberg, R. J.
(1985b). Implicit theories of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,49, 607-627.
21.
Steinberg, R. J.
(1987). Teaching intelligence: The application of cognitive psychology to the improvement of intellectual skills. In J. B. Baron & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), Teaching thinking skills: Theory and practice (pp. 182-218). New York: Freeman.
22.
Sternberg, R. J.
(1988). The triarchic mind: A new theory of human intelligence. New York: Viking.
23.
Sternberg, R. J.
(1996a). Costs of expertise. In K. A. Ericsson (Ed.), The road to excellence (pp. 347-354). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Eribaum.
24.
Sternberg, R. J.
(1996b). Successful intelligence. New York: Simon & Schuster.
25.
Sternberg, R. J.
(1997). What does it mean to be smart?. Educational Leadership, 54, 20-24.
26.
Sternberg, R. J.
, Conway, B. E., Ketron, J. L., & Bernstein, M. (1981). People's conceptions of intelligence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 37-55.
27.
Sternberg, R. J.
, & Davidson, J. E. (1982, June). The mind of the puzzler. Psychology Today, 16, 37-44.
28.
Sternberg, R. J.
, Ferrari, M., Clinkenbeard, P., & Grigorenko, E. L. (1996). Identification, instruction, and assessment of gifted children: A construct validation of a triarchic model. Gifted Child Quarterly, 40, 129-137.
29.
Sternberg, R. J.
, Okagaki, L., & Jackson, A. (1990). Practical intelligence for success in school. Educational Leadership, 48, 35-39.
30.
Sternberg, R. J.
, & Wagner, R. K. (1993). The g-ocentric view of intelligence and job performance is wrong. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2(1), 1-5.
31.
Sternberg, R. J.
, Wagner, R. K., & Okagaki, L. (1993). Practical intelligence: The nature and role of tacit knowledge in work and at school. In H. Reese & J. Puckett (Eds.), Advances in life-span development (pp. 205-227). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
32.
Sternberg, R. J.
, Wagner, R. K., Williams, W. M., & Horvath, J. A. (1995). Testing common sense. American Psychologist, S0, 912-927.
33.
Triandis, H. C.
(1972). The analysis of subjective culture. New York: John Wiley.
34.
Wagner, R. K.
, & Sternberg, R. J. (1986). Tacit knowledge and intelligence in the everyday world. In R. J. Sternberg & R. K. Wagner (Eds.), Practical intelligence: Nature and origins of competence in the everyday world (pp. 51-83). New York: Cambridge University Press.
35.
Williams, W. M.
, Blythe, T., White, N., Li, J., Sternberg, R. J., & Gardner, H. I. (1996). Practical intelligence for school: A handbook for teachers of grades 54. New York: HarperCollins.
36.
Yang, S. Y.
, & Sternberg, R. J. (1997). Taiwanese conceptions of intelligence. Intelligence, 25, 21-36.