Developing Role-Based Social Competencies for Career Search and Development in Hong Kong Immigrants

Amundson, N.A. , Borgen, W.A. , & Westwood, M.J. (1990). Group employment counseling in Canada. Journal of Employment Counseling, 27, 181-190.

Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Basavarajappa, K.G. , & Verma, R.B.P. (1985). Asian immigrants in Canada: Some findings from 1981 census. International Migration, 23, 97-121.

Berry, J.W. , Kim, U. , Minde, T. , & Mok, D. (1987). Comparative studies of acculturative stress. International Migration Review, 21, 491-511.

Bond, M.H. (1990). Enhancing cross-cultural competence in Hong Kong organizations! Oriental team building in the Orient? Unpublished manuscript . Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Bond, M.H. , & Hwang, K.K. (1986). The social psychology of Chinese people. In M.H. Bond (Ed.), The psychology of the Chinese people (pp. 213-266). Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.

Gudykunst, W.B. , & Hammer, M.R.G. (1988). Strangers and hosts: An uncertainty reduction based theory of intercultural adaptation. In Y.Y. Kim, & W.B. Gudykunst

(Eds.), Cross-cultural adaptation: Current approaches (pp. 105-139). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Gudykunst, W.B. , & Ting-Toomey, S. (1988). Culture and interpersonal communication. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Hofstede, G. (1980a). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

Hofstede, G. (1980b). Motivation, leadership, and organization: Do American theories apply abroad? Organizational Dynamics, 9, 42-63.

Hsu, F.L.K. (1971). Psycho-social homeostasis and jen: Conceptual tools for advancing psychological anthropology. American Anthropologist , 73, 23-44.

Ishiyama, F.I. (1989). Understanding individuals in transition: A self-validation model. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 4, 41-56.

Ishiyama, F.I. , & Westwood, M.J. (1992). Enhancing client-validating communication: Helping discouraged clients in cross-cultural adjustment. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 20, 50-63.

King, A.Y.C. , & Bond, M.H. (1985). The Confucian paradigm of man: A sociological view. In W.S. Tseng , & D.Y.H. Wu (Eds.), Chinese culture and mental health (pp. 29-45). Orlando: Academic Press.

Kirkbride, P.S. , Tang, S. F., Y. , & Ko, G. ( 1989). Emigration from Hong Kong: Evidence from organisations . Hong Kong Institute of Personnel Management, City Poly-technic of Hong Kong.

Mak, A.S. (1991). From elites to strangers: Employment coping styles of new Hong Kong immigrants. Journal of Employment Counseling , 28, 144-156.

Mak, A.S. (1993). Pre-Departure Concerns of Prospective Migrants from Hong Kong to Australia. Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Miller, P.W. (1987). Aspects of occupational mobility and attainment among immigrants in Australia. International Migration Review , 21, 48-69.

Mitchell, C. , Tait, C. , & Castles, S. (1990). The recognition of overseas professional qualifications . Canberra: Bureau of Immigration Research.

Okabe, R. (1983). Cultural assumptions of East and West: Japan and the United States. In W. Gudykunst (Ed.), International communication theory (pp. 21-44). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

Parsons, T. & Shils, E. (1951). Toward a general theory of action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Pedersen, P. (1980). Role learning as a coping strategy for uprooted foreign students. In G.V. Coelho & P.I. Ahmed (Eds.), Uprooting and development (pp. 295-320). New York: Plenum .

Sue, W.S. , & Sue, D. (1990). Counseling the culturally different: Theory and practice. 2nd edition. New York : Wiley.

Taft, R. (1977). Coping with unfamiliar cultures. In N. Warren (Ed.), Studies in cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 121-151). London: Academic Press.

Tinglin, W.H. (1985). Counseling minority immigrants for employment . In R.J. Samuda , & A. Wolfgang (Eds.), International counseling and assessment: Global perspectives (pp 253-268). Toronto: Hogrefe.

Tsang, D. (1990, November). The impact of emigration on Hong Kong . Paper presented at the National Immigration Outlook Conference, Melbourne.

Vontress, C.E. (1981). Racial and ethnic barriers in counseling. In P. Pedersen , J. Draguns , W.J. Lonner , & J.E. Trimble (Eds.), Counseling across cultures (pp. 87-197). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Westwood, M.J. , & Ishiyama, F.I. (1990). The communication process as a critical intervention for client change in cross-cultural counseling . Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 18, 163-171.

Westwood, M.J. , & Ishiyama, F.I. (1991). Challenges in counseling immigrant clients: Understanding intercultural barriers to career adjustment . Journal of Employment Counseling, 28, 130-143.

Yang, K.S. (1981). Social orientation and individual modernity among Chinese students in Taiwan. Journal of Social Psychology, 113, 159-170.

Zahama, R.S. (1989). Self-shock: The double-binding challenge of identity . International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 13, 501-525.