Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Research examining vocational anticipatory socialization (VAS) has identified five sources of information. This article presents a potential new source of career socialization information. Emerging adults were surveyed to determine whether they used sources other than the previously identified five sources for career and work-life information. Results indicate that the internet and the media are different and that the internet is actively sought out to provide different types of VAS information. Gender differences were also found for the use of the internet as a VAS source. Future inquiry into VAS should include this additional source of career information.

Keywords

vocational anticipatory socialization career information internet uses and gratifications

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Aley

Levine

K. J.

(2020). From whom do young adults actively seek career information? An ego-network analysis of vocational anticipatory socialization. Communication Studies, 71, 351–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2020.1735465

Arnett

J. J.

(2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469

Burgoon

J. K.

Hale

J. L.

(1987). Validation and measurement of the fundamental theories of relational communication. Communication Monographs, 54, 19–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637758709390214

Cai

Fan

(2017). Gender and attitudes toward technology. Computers & Education, 105, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.11.003

Chan

Fang

(2007). Use of the internet and traditional media among young people. Young Consumers, 8, 244–256. https://doi.org//10.1108/17473610710838608

Charney

Greenberg

(2001). Uses and gratifications of the internet. In Lin

Atkin

(Eds.), Communication, technology, and society: New media adoption and uses (pp. 383–406). Hampton.

Dailey

S. L.

(2016). What happens before full-time employment? Internships as a mechanism of anticipatory socialization. Western Journal of Communication, 80, 453–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2016.1159727

Dickinson

Emler

(1992). Developing conceptions of work. In Hartley

J. F.

Stephenson

G. M.

(Eds.), Employment relations: The psychology of influence and control at work (pp. 19–43). Blackwell.

Dimmick

Chen

(2004). Competition between the internet and traditional news media: The gratification-opportunities niche dimension. The Journal of Media Economics, 17, 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me1701_2

10.

Eccles

J. S.

Barber

B. L.

(1999). Student council, volunteering, basketball or marching band:What kind of extracurricular involvement matters? Journal of Adolescent Research, 14, 10–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558499141003

11.

Fetherston

(2017). Information seeking and organizational socialization: a review and opportunities for anticipatory socialization research. Annals of the International Communication Association, 41, 258–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2017.1374198

12.

Fetherston

(2019). What influences college students’ career information seeking on the internet? A test of the comprehensive model of information seeking. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 47, 322–343. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2019.1615631

13.

Flanagin

A. J.

Waldeck

J. H.

(2004). Technology use and organizational newcomer socialization. The Journal of Business Communication, 41, 137–165. https://doi:10.1177/0021943604263290

14.

Gilligan

(1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Harvard University.

15.

Goswami

Dutta

(2016). Gender differences in technology usage—A literature review. Open Journal of Business & Management, 4, 51–59. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2016.41006

16.

Grace-Martin

(2018). When list-wise deletion works for missing data. https://www.theanalysisfactor.com/when-listwise-deletion-works

17.

Greenberger

Steinberg

(1986). When teenager’s work: The psychological and social costs of adolescent employment. Basic Books.

18.

Hamilton

S. F.

Sumner

(2017). High school students’ jobs: Related and unrelated to school. Peabody Journal of Education, 92, 222–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956x.2017.1302218

19.

Hoffner

C. A.

Levine

K. J.

Sullivan

Crowell

Pedrick

Berndt

(2006). TV characters at work: Television’s role in the occupational aspirations of economically disadvantaged youths. Journal of Career Development, 33, 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845305282768

20.

Hoffner

C. A.

Levine

K. J.

Toohey

(2008). Socialization to work in late adolescence: The role of television and family. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52, 282–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838150801992086

21.

Jablin

F. M.

(1985). An exploratory study of vocational organizational socialization. Southern Speech Communication Journal, 50, 261–282. https://doi.org/10.1080/10417948509372635

22.

Jablin

F. M.

(2001). Organizational entry, assimilation, and disengagement/exit. In Jablin

F. M.

Putnam

L. L.

(Eds.), The new handbook of organizational communication: Advances in theory, research, and methods (pp. 732–818). Sage.

23.

Jablin

F. M.

Krone

K. J.

(1987). Organizational assimilation. In Berger

C. R.

Chaffee

S. H.

(Eds.), Handbook of communication science (pp. 711–746). Sage.

24.

Jackson

L. A.

Ervin

K. S.

Gardner

P. D.

Schmitt

(2001). Gender and the internet: Women communicating and men searching. Sex Roles, 44, 363–379. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010937901821

25.

P. Y.

Lapan

R. T.

Tate

(2004). Vocational interests and career efficacy expectations in relation to occupational sex-typing beliefs for eight grade students. Journal of Career Development, 31, 143–154. https://doi.org/10.1177/089484530403100205

26.

Johnson

T. J.

Braima

M. A.

Sothirajah

(1999). Doing the traditional media sidestep: Comparing the effects of the internet and other nontraditional media with traditional media in the 1996 presidential campaign. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 76, 99–123.

27.

Kim

Haridakis

P. M.

(2009). The role of internet user characteristics and motives in explaining three dimensions of internet addiction. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 988–1015. https://doi.org/:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.0147

28.

Kormas

Gritselis

Janikian

Kafetzis

Tsitsika

(2011). Risk factors and psychosocial characteristics of potential problematic and problematic internet use among adolescents: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 11, 359–608. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-595

29.

Kramer

M. W.

(2010). Organizational socialization: Joining and leaving organizations. Polity Press.

30.

La Ferle

Edwards

S. M.

Lee

W. N.

(2000). Teens’ use of traditional media and the internet. Journal of Advertising Research, 40, 55–65. https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-40-3-55-65

31.

LaRose

Eastin

M. S.

(2004). A social cognitive theory of internet uses and gratifications: Toward a new model of media attendance. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48, 358–377. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4803_2

32.

LaRose

Mastro

Eastin

M. S.

(2001). Understanding internet usage: A social-cognitive approach to uses and gratifications. Social Science Computer Review, 19, 395–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/089443930101900401

33.

Levine

K. J.

Hoffner

C. A.

(2006). Adolescents’ conceptions of work. Journal of Adolescent Research, 21, 647–669. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558406293963

34.

Lucas

Sherry

J. L.

(2004). Sex differences in video game play: A communication-based explanation. Communication Research, 31, 499–523. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650204267930

35.

McQuail

Blumler

J. G.

Brown

(1972). The television audience: A revised perspective. In McQuail

(Ed.), Sociology of mass communication (pp. 135–165). Penguin.

36.

Miller

V. D.

Jablin

F. J.

(1991). Information seeking during organizational entry: Influences, tactics, and a model of the process. Academy of Management Review, 16(1), 92–120. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1991.4278997

37.

Morrison

E. W.

(1993). Longitudinal study of the effects of information seeking on newcomer socialization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.2.173

38.

Noguti

Singh

Waller

D. S.

(2019). Gender differences in motivations to use social networking sites. In Management Association, Information Resources (Ed.), Gender economics: Breakthroughs in research and practice (pp. 676–691). IGI Global.

39.

Omilion-Hodges

L. M.

Shank

S. E.

Jr Packard

C. M.

(2019). What young adults want: A multistudy examination of vocational anticipatory socialization through the lens of students’ desired managerial communication behaviors. Management Communication Quarterly, 33, 512–547. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318919851177

40.

Powers

S. R.

Myers

K. K.

(2016). Vocational anticipatory socialization: College students’ reports of encouraging/discouraging sources and messages. Journal of Career Development, 44, 409–424. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845316660627

41.

Prince

J. P.

Most

R. B.

Silver

D. G.

(2003). Self-help career assessment: Ethical and professional issues. Journal of Career Assessment, 11, 40–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/106907202237459

42.

Ragins

B. R.

McFarlin

D. B.

(1990). Perceptions of mentor roles in cross-gender mentoring relationships. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 37, 321–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(90)90048-7

43.

Robinson

N. K.

Meyer

Prince

J. P.

McLean

Low

(2000). Mining the internet for career information: A model approach for college students. Journal of Career Assessment, 8, 37–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/106907270000800104

44.

Rosengren

K. E.

(1974). Uses and gratifications: A paradigm outlined. In Blumler

J. G.

Katz

(Eds.), The uses of mass communications: Current perspectives of gratifications research (pp. 269–286). Sage.

45.

Rubin

A. M.

(2009). Uses-and-gratifications perspective on media effects. In Bryant

Oliver

M. B.

(Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 165–184). Routledge.

46.

Sadiku

M. N.

Eze

T. P.

Musa

S. M.

(2018). Fake news and misinformation. International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 4, 187–190. https://dx.doi.org/10.7324/IJASRE.2018.32728

47.

Scarduzio

J. A.

Real

Slone

Henning

(2018). Vocational anticipatory socialization, self-determination theory, and meaningful work: Parents’ and children’s recollection of memorable messages about work. Management Communication Quarterly, 32, 431–461. https://doi.org/10.177/0893318918768711

48.

Schutz

W. C.

(1958). FIRO: A three-dimensional theory of interpersonal behavior. Rinehart.

49.

Scott

Myers

(2010). Toward an integrative theoretical perspective on organizational membership negotiations: Socialization, assimilation, and the duality of structure. Communication Theory, 20(1), 79–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2009.01355.x

50.

Shashaani

(1993). Gender-based differences in attitudes toward computers. Computers in Education, 20, 169–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1315(93)90085-w

51.

Shumate

Atouba

Cooper

K. R.

Pilny

(2014). Two paths diverged: Examining the antecedents to social entrepreneurship. Management Communication Quarterly, 28, 404–421. https://doi.org/421.10.1177/0893318914538561

52.

Signorielli

(1993). Television and adolescents’ perceptions about work. Youth & Society, 24, 314–341. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118x93024003004

53.

Sinkkonen

Puhakka

Merilainen

(2018). Adolescent’s internet use in relation to self-esteem and adaptability in career decision-making. British Journal of Guidance & Counseling, 46, 738–751. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2018.1455169

54.

Van Maanen

Schein

E. H.

(1979). Toward a theory of organizational socialization. In Staw

(Ed.), Research in organizational behavior (pp. 209–264). Jai Press.

55.

Weiser

E. B.

(2000). Gender differences in internet use patterns and internet application preferences: A two-sample comparison. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 3, 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493100316012

56.

Yoon

S. J.

Kim

J. H.

(2001). Is the internet more effective than traditional media? Factors affecting the choice of media. Journal of Advertising Research, 41, 53–60. https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-41-6-53-60

57.

Zhang

Y. G.

Dang

M. Y.

Chen

(2019). An explorative study on the virtual world: Investigating the avatar gender and avatar age differences in their social interactions for help-seeking. Information Systems Frontiers, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-019-09904-2

Introducing the Sixth Source of Vocational Anticipatory Socialization: Using the Internet to Search for Career Information

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References