Counseling students learn about various theories, models, and career assessment measures during their training. However, the transition to practicum and internship often challenges students to decide on when to apply career theories and measures to specific problems. An assessment schema is proposed to assist counselor trainees with a systematic approach to conceptualizing a client's career problem. With this assessment schema, counselor educators can help trainees organize data into meaningful categories, reduce conceptual confusion, and engage students in the study of careers.
Association for Counselor Education and Supervision & National Career Development Association. (2000). Preparing counselors for career development in the new millennium: ACES/NCDA position paper.
2.
Azrin, N.H., & Besalel, V.A. (1980). Job club counselor's manual: A behavioral approach to vocational counseling. Baltimore: University Park Press.
3.
Beale, A.V. (1998). Facilitating the learning of career development theories. The Career Development Quarterly, 46, 294-300.
4.
Blowland, P.A., & Edwards, P.B. (1981). Work and leisure: A counseling synthesis. The Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 30, 101-108.
5.
Bradley, R.W. (1983). Teaching preservice career counseling classes . The Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 32, 119-121.
6.
Busacca, L.A., & Taber, B.J. (2001, June). The Career Maturity Inventory-Revised: Initial Psychometrics and use in Career Guidance and Counseling. Paper presented at the National Career Development Association 10th Global Conference, Tucson, AZ.
7.
Cochran, L. (1997). Career counseling: A narrative approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
8.
Cook, E.P. (1994). Role salience and multiple roles: A gender perspective . The Career Development Quarterly, 43, 85-95.
9.
Crace, R.K., & Brown, D. (1996). Life Values Inventory. Chapel Hill, NC: Life Values Resources.
10.
Crites, J.O. (1969). Vocational psychology: The study of vocational behavior and development. New York: McGraw-Hill.
11.
Crites, J.O. (1974). A reappraisal of vocational appraisal. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 22, 272-279.
12.
Crites, J.O., & Savickas, M.L. (1996). Revision of the career maturity inventory. Journal of Career Assessment, 4, 131-138.
13.
Cummings, A.L., Hallberg, E.T., Martin, J., Slemon, A., & Hiebert, B. (1990). Implications of counselor conceptualizations for counselor education. Counselor Education and Supervision, 30, 120-134.
14.
Eden, D., & Avarim, A. (1993). Self-efficacy training to speed reemployment: Helping people to help themselves. Journal of Applied Psychology , 78, 352-360.
15.
Forster, J.R. (1992). Eliciting personal constructs and articulating goals. Journal of Career Development, 18, 175-185.
16.
Gagne, R. (1985). The conditions of learning and theory of instruction . 4th ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
17.
Hackett, G. (1993). Career counseling and psychotherapy: False dichotomies and recommended remedies. Journal of Career Assessment, 1, 105-117.
18.
Harmon, L.W. (1996). A moving target: The widening gap between theory and practice. In M. L. Savickas & W. B. Walsh (Eds.), Handbook of career counseling theory and practice (pp. 37-44). Palo Alto, CA : Davies-Black.
Hartung, P.J. (1999). Interest assessment using card sorts. In M. L. Savickas & A. R. Spokane (Eds.), Vocational interests: Meaning, measurement, and counseling use (pp. 235-252). Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black.
21.
Heppner, M.J., Multon, K.D., & Johnston, J.A. (1994). Assessing psychological resources during career change: Development of the career transitions inventory . Journal of Vocational Behavior, 44, 55-74.
22.
Herr, E.L. (1996). Toward the convergence of career theory and practice: Mythology, issues, and possibilities. In M. L. Savickas & W. B. Walsh (Eds.), Handbook of career counseling theory and practice (pp. 13-35). Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black.
23.
Hershenson, D.B. (1996). Work adjustment: A neglected area in career counseling . Journal of Counseling & Development, 74, 442-446.
24.
Holland, J.L. (1997). Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and the work environments (3rd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources. Holland, J.L., Daiger, D.C., & Power, P.G. (1980). My vocational situation . Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
25.
Holland, J.L., Powell, A.B., & Fritzsche, B.A. (1994). The self-directed search professional user's guide. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
26.
Hoyt, K.B., & Shylo, K.R. (1989). Career education in transition: Trends and implications for the future. Columbus, OH: Center for Research in Vocational Education. Johansson, C.B. (1975). Self-Description Inventory. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems.
27.
Krumboltz, J.D., & Vosvick, M.A. (1996). Career assessment and the Career Beliefs Inventory . Journal of Career Assessment, 4, 345-361.
28.
Kuder, F. (1980). Self-Scored Kuder Career Search. Adel, IA: National Career Assessment Services, Inc.
29.
Kuder, F. (1991). Kuder occupational interest survey, form DD: General manual 3rd ed. Adel, IA: National Career Assessment Services.
30.
Kurtz, R.R. (1974). Using a transactional analysis format in vocational group counseling. Journal of College Student Personnel, 15, 447-451.
31.
Lent, R.W., & Brown, S.D. (1996). Social cognitive approach to career development: An overview. The Career Development Quarterly, 44, 311-321.
32.
Liptak, J.J. (1991). The fourth alternative: Leisure search and planning . Journal of Employment Counseling, 28(2), 57-62.
33.
Liptak, J.J. (1994). Manual for the leisure search inventory. Indianapolis, IN: JIST.
34.
Lofquist, L.H., & Dawis, R.V. (1991). Essentials of person-environment correspondence counseling. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota.
35.
McAuliffe, G.J. (1993). Constructive development and career transition: Implications for counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development , 72, 23-28.
36.
McDaniels, C. (1984). The work/leisure connection. The Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 33, 35-43.
37.
McGovern, T.V., Tinsley, D.J., Levinson-Liss, N., Laventure, R.O., & Britton, G. (1975). Assertion training for job interviews. The Counseling Psychologist, 5, 65-68.
38.
Miller, M.J., & Soper, B. (1982). The art of creating enjoyable career counseling classes. The Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 31, 144-148.
Murray, N. (1993). Bridge for the X's: A new career services model. Journal of CareerPlanning and Employment, 53, 28-35.
41.
Neimeyer, G.J. (1989). Applications for Repertory Grid technique to vocational assessment. Journal of Counseling and Development, 67, 585-589.
42.
Nelson, M.L., & Neufeldt, S.A. (1998). A pedagogy of counseling: A critical examination. Counselor Education and Supervision , 38, 70-88.
43.
Nevill, D.D., & Super, D.E. (1986) The Salience Inventory: Theory, application and research. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
44.
Niles, S.G. (1998). Developing life-role readiness in a multicultural society: Topics to consider. International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling, 20, 71-77.
45.
Niles, S.G., Anderson, W.P., & Hartung, P.J. (1999). Identifying client types from Adult Career Concerns Inventory scores. Journal of Career Assessment, 25, 173-185.
Oleksy-Ojikutu, A.E. (1986). The career time-line: A vocational counseling tool. The Career Development Quarterly, 35, 47-52.
48.
Osborne, W.L., Brown, S., Niles, S., & Minor, C.U. (1997). Career development, assessment & counseling: Applications of the Donald E. Super C-DAC approach. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
Osipow, S.H., Carney, C.G., Winer, J.L., Yanico, B., & Koschieer, M. (1996). The Career Decision Scale (3rd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
51.
Ponterotto, J.G., Rivera, L., & Sueyoshi, L.A. (2000). The career-in-culture interview: A semi-structured protocol for the cross-cultural intake interview. The Career Development Quarterly, 49, 85-96.
52.
Reardon, R.C., & Lenz, J.G. (1998). The self-directed search and related Holland career materials: A practitioner's guide. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
53.
Rife, J.C., & Belcher, J.R. (1993). Social support and job search intensity among older unemployed workers: Implications for employment counselors. Journal of Employment Counseling, 30, 98-107.
54.
Rounds, J.B., Henley, G.A., Dawis, R.V., Lofquist, L.H., & Weiss, D.J. (1981). Manual for the Minnesota Importance Questionnaire . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota , Psychology Department, Work Adjustment Project.
55.
Rounds, J.B., Jr., & Tinsley, H.E.A. (1984). Diagnosis and treatment of vocational problems. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of counseling psychology (pp. 137-177). New York: Wiley.
56.
Sampson, J.P., Jr., Peterson, G.W., Lenz, J.G., & Reardon, R.C. (1992). A cognitive approach to career services: Translating concepts into practice. The Career Development Quarterly, 41, 67-72.
Savickas, M.L. (1991a). Improving career time perspective. In D. Brown & L. Brooks (Eds.), Techniques of career counseling (pp. 236-249). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
59.
Savickas, M.L. (1991b). The meaning of work and love: Career issues and interventions. The Career Development Quarterly, 39, 315-324.
60.
Savickas, M.L. (1995). Constructivist counseling for career indecision . The Career Development Quarterly, 43, 363-373.
61.
Savickas, M.L. (1996). A framework for linking career theory and practice . In M. L. Savickas & W. B. Walsh. (Eds.). Handbook of career counseling theory and practice (pp. 191-208). Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black.
62.
Savickas, M.L. (1998). Career-style assessment and counseling. In T. J. Sweeney (Ed.), Adlerian counseling: A practitioner's approach (4th ed.) (pp. 329-359). Muncie, IN: Accelerated Development.
63.
Savickas, M.L. (2000). Assessing career decision making. In C. E. Watkins, Jr., & V. L. Campbell (Eds.). Testing and assessment in counseling practice (2nd Ed.) (pp. 429-477). Manwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
64.
Stoltenberg, C.D., McNeill, B., & Delworth, U. (1998). IDM supervision: An integrated developmental model for supervising counselors and therapistsSan Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
65.
Super, D.E. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development . Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16, 282-298.
66.
Super, D.E., & Nevill, D.D. (1989). The Values Scale: Theory, research, and application . Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
67.
Super, D.E., Savickas, M.L., & Super, C.M. (1996). The life-span, life-space approach to career. In D. Brown, L. Brooks (Eds.), Career choice and development: Applying contemporary theories to practice, 3rd Ed. (pp. 121-178). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Thompson, A.S., & Lindeman, R.H. (1981). Career Development Inventory: Vol. 1 user's manualPalo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
70.
Timpson, W.M., & Bendel-Simso, P. (1996). Concepts and choices for teachers: Meeting the challenges in higher education. Madison, WI: Magna.
71.
Toman, S.M., & Savickas, M.L. (1997). Career choice readiness moderates the effects of interest inventory interpretation. Journal of Career Assessment, 5, 275-291.
72.
Williamson, E.G. (1965). Vocational counseling. New York: McGraw-Hill.
73.
Zimmerman, J., & Cochran, L. (1993). Alignment of family and work roles. Career Development Quarterly, 41, 344-349.
