Many clients requesting assistance in Career Centers are mismatched with their career due to issues of occupational choice. In addition, personality conflicts with co-workers, lack of interpersonal skills, and the individual's personality characteristics can affect vocational success. Theories of personality are incorporated into several theories of vocational choice and development (i.e., Holland, Roe) resulting in some attention to personality. Likewise, client personality can affect the career counselor's ability to intervene effectively to assist the client in making effective career choices and decisions. More direct attention to the impact of personality on an individual's career and vocational success can enable the Career Center to increase the effectiveness of their interventions. This paper will discuss the methods for increasing the effectiveness of career counseling through the use of the Five-Factor Model of Personality into our therapeutic work with clients.
Bordin, E.S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the Working Alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 16(3), 252-260.
3.
Church, T.A., & Katigbak, M.S. (1989). Internal, external, and self-report structure of personality in a non-Western culture: An investigation of cross-language and crossculture generalizability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(5), 857-872.
4.
Costa, P.T., Jr., & McCrae, R.R. (1992a). Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO Personality Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 4(1), 5-13.
5.
Costa, P.T., Jr., & McCrae, R.R. (1992b). NEO PI-R: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
6.
Costa, P.T., Jr., & McCrae, R.R. (1985). Concurrent validation after 20 years: Implications of personality stability for its assessment. In J.N. Butcher & C.D. Spielberg (Eds.), Advances in personality assessment (v. 4, pp. 31-54). Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum Associates.
7.
Costa, P.T., Jr., McCrae, R.R., & Dye, D.A. (1991). Facet scales for A & C: A revision of the NEO-PI. Personality and Individual Differences, 12(9), 887-898.
8.
Costa, P.T., Jr., McCrae, R.R., & Holland, J.L. (1984). Personality and vocational interests in an adult sample. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(3), 690-400.
9.
de Raad, B., Hendriks, A.A.J., & Hofstee, W.K.B. (1992). Towards a refined structure of personality traits. European Journal of Personality, 6, 301-319.
10.
Digman, J.M. (1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the Five-Factor Model. Annual Review ofPsychology, 41, 417-40.
11.
Digman, J.M. (1989). Five robust trait dimensions: Development, stability, and utility. Journal of Personality, 57(2), 195-214.
12.
Fiske, D.W. (1949). Consistency of the factorial structures of personality from different sources. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 44, 329-344.
13.
Gelso, C.J., & Carter, J.A. (1994). Components of the psychotherapy relationship: Their interaction and unfolding during treatment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41(3), 296-306.
14.
Gelso, C.J., & Fassinger, R.E. (1992). Personality, development, and Counseling Psychology: Depth, ambivalence, and actualization. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 39(3), 275-298.
15.
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. New York: Bantam Books .
16.
Hartley, D.E., & Strupp, H.H. (1983). The TherapeuticAlliance: Its relation to outcome in brief psychotherapy. In M. Masling (Ed.), Empirical studies of psychoanalytic theories , (pp. 1-27), Hillsdale, NY: Analytic Press.
17.
Heppner, M.J., & Hendricks, F. (1995). A process and outcome study examining career indecision and indecisiveness. Journal of Counseling & Development , 73, 426-437.
18.
Holland, J.L. (1985a). Making vocational choices: A theory of personalities and work environments (2nd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
19.
Holland, J.L. (1985b). Professional manual for the Self-Directed Search (4th ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
20.
Loehlin, J.C. (1992). Genes and environment in personality development . Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications .
21.
McCrae, R.R. (1991). The five-factor model and its assessment in clinical settings. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57(3), 399-414.
22.
McCrae, R.R., & Costa, P.T., Jr. (1989). Reinterpreting the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator from the perspective of the Five-Factor Model of Personality. Journal of Personality, 57 (1), 17-40.
23.
McCrae, R.R., & Costa, P.T., Jr. (1986). Personality, coping, and coping effectiveness in an adult sample. Journal of Personality, 54(2), 385-405.
24.
Miller, T.R. (1991). The psychotherapeutic utility of the Five-Factor Model of Personality: A clinician's experience. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57(3), 415-33.
25.
Mutén, E. (1991). Self-reports, spouse ratings, and psychophysiological assessment in a Behavioral Medicine Program: An application of the Five-Factor Model. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57(3), 449-4664.
26.
Norman, W.T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure in peer nomination personality ratings. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 574-691.
27.
Orlinsky, D.E., & Howard, K.I. (1995). Unity and diversity among psychotherapies: A comparative perspective. In B. Bongar & L.E. Beutler, (Eds.) Comprehensive textbook of psychotherapy: Theory and practice (pp. 3-23). New York: Oxford University Press.
28.
Ostendorf, F., & Angleitner, A. (1994). The Five-Factor taxonomy: Robust dimensions of personality description. Psychological Belgica, 34(4), 175-194.
29.
Piedmont, R.L. (1993). A longitudinal analysis of burnout in the health care setting: The role of personal dispositions. Journal of Personality Assessment, 61(3), 457-73.
30.
Seligman, L. (1990). Selecting effective treatments: A comprehensive, systematic guide to treating adult mental disorders. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
31.
Spokane, A.R. (1991). Career Intervention. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
32.
Tupes, E.C., & Christal, R.E. (1992). Recurrent personality factors based on trait ratings. Journal of Personality, 60(2) 225-251.
33.
Watson, D., & Clark, L.A. (1992). On traits and temperament: General and specific factors of emotional experience and their relation to the Five-Factor Model . Journal of Personality, 60, 441-476.
34.
Wiggins, J.S. (Ed.). (1996). The Five-Factor Model of Personality: Theoretical perspectives. New York: The Guilford Press.
