Various researchers have suggested the need to develop sound ethical information technology practices to combat the increased incidence of computer misuse. Relating to the ubiquity of information technology, this article presents a basis to understand the nature of computer misuse. Such an analysis will help in developing ethical practices to minimize computer misuse. Finally, this article argues that by addressing ethical issues at both formal and informal levels, the risks associated with information technology usage can be minimized.
Anderson, R.E. (1994). The ACM code of ethics: History, process, and implications. In C. Huff & T. Finholt (Eds.), Social issues in computing: Putting computing in its place. New York: McGraw-Hill.
2.
Audit Commission. (1994). Opportunity makes a thief: An analysis of computer abuse. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
3.
Backhouse, J., & Dhillon, G. (1995). Managing computer crime: A research outlook. Computers & Secunty, 14, 645-651.
4.
Balsmeier, P., & Kelly, J. (1996). The ethics of sentencing white-collar criminals . Journal of Busmess Ethics, 15(2), 143-152.
5.
Brown, R.K. (1991). Security overview and threat (National Computer Security Educators, Tutorial Track NCSC, Information Resource Management College . Washington, DC: National Defense University.
6.
Bynum, T.W. (1992). Computer ethics in the computer science curriculum . In T. W. Bynum, W. Maner, & J. L. Folder (Eds.), Teaching computer ethics. New Haven: Southern Connecticut State University, Research Center on Computing and Society .
7.
China executes hacker over £122,000 theft. (1993, May 6). Computing, p. 1.
8.
Clarke, M. (1990). Business crime: Its nature and control. Southport, UK: Polity.
9.
Collins, W.R., Miller, K.W., Spielman, B.J., & Wherry, P. (1994). How good is good enough? An ethical analysis of software construction and use. Communication of the ACM, 37(1), 81-91.
10.
Conger, S., Loch, K.D., & Helft, B.L. (1995). Ethics and information technology use: A factor analysis of attitudes to computer use. Information Systems Journal, 5, 161-184.
11.
Croall, H. (1992). White collar crime. Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press.
12.
Davies, D. (1990). The nature of computer crime. Computers and Law.1, 8-13
13.
Delaney, J.T., & Stockell, D. (1992). Do company ethics training programs make a difference ? An empirical analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 11, 719-727.
14.
Dhillon, G., & Backhouse, J. (1996). Risks in the use of information technology within organizations. International Journal of Information Management ,16, 65-74.
15.
Donaldson, T., & Dunfee, T.W. (1994). Toward a unified conception of business ethics: Integrative social contracts theory. Academy of Management Review, 19, 252-284.
16.
Dunlop, C., & Kling, R. (Eds.). (1991). Computerization and controversy: Value conflicts and social choices. San Diego: Academic Press.
17.
Forester, T., & Morrison, P. (1994). Computer ethics: Cautionary tales and ethical dilemmas in computing (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
18.
Gotterbarn, D. (1992). The use and abuse of computer ethics. In T. W. Bynum, W. Maner, & J. L. Folder (Eds.), Teaching computer ethics. New Haven: Southern Connecticut State University, Research Center on Computing and Society .
19.
Huff, C., & Finholt, T. (Eds.). (1994). Social issues in computing: Putting computing in its place. New York: McGraw-Hill.
20.
Ibm. (1996). A risk too far: Business continuity—Every manager's responsibility. New York: Author (in association with Cranfield School of Management, Bedford, United Kingdom).
21.
Icove, D., Seger, K., & Von Storch, W. (1995). Computer crime: A crime fighter's handbook. Sebastopol: O'Riley & Associates.
Kluth, D.J. (1990). The computer virus threat: A survey of current criminal statutes. Hamline Law Review, 13, 297-312.
24.
Krauss, L.I., & MacGahan, A. (1979). Computer fraud and countermeasures. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.
25.
Lambeth, J. (1996, October 17). Why hackers have no fear of facing security. Computer Weekly.
26.
Liebenau, J., & Backhouse, J. (1990). Understanding information: An introduction. London: Macmillan.
27.
Linowes, D.F. (1996). Your personal information has gone public. In R. Kling (Ed.), Computerization and controversy: Values, conflicts and social choices (2nd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press .
28.
Loch, K.D., Carr, H.H., & Warkentin, M.E. (1992, June). Threats to information systems: Today's reality, yesterday's understanding. MIS Quarterly , 16, 173-186.
29.
Loch, K.D., & Conger, S. (1996). Evaluating ethical decision making and computer use. Communication of the ACM, 39(7), 74-83.
30.
Lozano, J.M. (1996). Ethics and management: A controversial issue. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 227-236.
31.
Maner, W. (1980). Starter kit on teaching computer ethics. New Haven, CT: Helvetia Press.
32.
Maner, W. (1996). Unique ethical problems in information technology . Science and Engineering Ethics, 2(2), 137-154.
33.
Moor, J.M. (1985). What is computer ethics? Metaphilosophy , 16, 266-275.
34.
Mumford, E. (1996). Systems design: Ethical tools for ethical change . London: Macmillan.
35.
Oz, E. (1994). Ethics for the information age. Los Angeles: Brown Communications Inc., Business and Educational Technologies.
36.
Parker, D.B. (1976). Crime by computer. New York : Scribner.
Parker, D.B., Swope, S., & Barker, B.N. (1990). Ethical conflicts in information and computer science, technology, and business. Wellesley, MA: QED Information Sciences.
39.
Rogerson, S. (1996a). An ethical agenda for business process re-engineering. In Third European Academic Conference on Business Process Redesign. Bedford, United Kingdom: Cranfield University .
40.
Rogerson, S. (1996b). Software project management ethics. In C. Myers, T. Hall, & D. Pitt (Eds.), The responsible software engineer. New York: Springer .
41.
Rogerson, S. (1998). Computer and information ethics. In R. Chadwick (Ed.), Encyclopedia of applied ethics (Vol. 1). San Diego: Academic Press.
42.
Rogerson, S., & Bynum, T.W. (1995). Towards ethically sensitive IS/IT projected related decision making. Paper presented at COOC '95. Unpublished paper.
43.
Spinello, R.A. (1995). Ethical aspects of information technology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.
44.
Strain, I. (1991, October 3). Top bosses pose the main security threat . Computer Weekly, p. 22.
45.
U.S. Office of Technology Assessment. (1994 ). Information security and privacy in network environments . Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
46.
Velasquez, M.G. (1992). Business ethics: Concepts and cases (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
47.
Warman, A.R. (1993). Computer security within organizations. London: Macmillan.
48.
White, T.I. (1993). A business ethics: A philosophical reader. New York: MacMillan.
49.
Wood-Harper, T., Corder, S., Wood, J.R.G., & Watson, H. (1996). How we profess: The ethical systems analyst. Communication of the ACM, 39(3), 69-77.