Parse's research method was used to study the meaning of grieving for families living with AIDS. In videotaped dialogues, diverse families living with AIDS described their experiences of grieving in relation to death and other losses. Narratives of the grieving experiences of each family were constructed. Through the process of extraction-synthesis, the structure of grieving was generated. The four concepts within the structure are explicated in this article as essential in family grieving. Further interpretation led to a theoretical structure of grieving within the human becoming belief system. This view of grieving, as a multidimensional rhythmical process of intersubjective becoming, expands and specifies nursing's theory base. The study also confirms that Parse's methodology is valuable for family-centered nursing research.
Allan, J. D. (1990). Focusing on living, not dying: A naturalistic study of self-care among seropositive gay men. Holistic Nursing Practice, 4(2), 56-63.
2.
Altman, D. (1987). AIDS in the mind of America. New York: Anchor.
3.
Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss, Vol. III. Loss: Sadness and depression. New York: Basic Books.
4.
Bridges, W. (1980). Transitions: Making sense of life's changes. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.
5.
Brown, M. A. , & Powell-Cope, G. M. (1991). AIDS family caregivers: Transitions through uncertainty. Nursing Research, 40, 338-345.
6.
Burr, W. R. , Hill, R., Reiss, I. L., & Nye, F. L. (1979). Contemporary theories about the family (2 vols.). New York: Free Press.
7.
Carmack, B. J. (1992). Balancing engagement/detachment in AIDS-related multiple losses. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 24, 9-14.
8.
Carter, S. L. (1989). Themes of grief. Nursing Research, 38, 354-358.
9.
Cody, W. K. (1991). Grieving a personal loss. Nursing Science Quarterly, 4, 61-68.
10.
Cowles, K. V. , & Rodgers, B. L. (1991). The concept of grief: A foundation for nursing research and practice. Research in Nursing and Health, 14, 119-127.
11.
Davies, B. , Spinetta, J., Martinson, I., & Kulenkamp, E. (1986). Manifestations of levels of functioning in grieving families. Journal of Family Issues, 7, 297-313.
12.
DeFeo, D. (1990). Change: A central concern of nursing. Nursing Science Quarterly, 3, 88-94.
13.
Demi, A. S. , & Miles, S. (1986). Bereavement. Annual Review of Nursing Research, 4, 105-123.
14.
Dreuilhe, A. E. (1988). Mortal embrace: Living with AIDS (L. Coverdale, Trans.). New York: Hill and Wang.
15.
Engel, G. L. (1961). Is grief a disease?Psychosomatic Medicine, 23, 18-22.
16.
Feetham, S. L. (1984). Family research: Issues and directions for nursing. Annual Review of Nursing Research, 3, 3-25.
17.
Flaskerud, J. H. (1987). AIDS: Psychosocial aspects. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 25(12), 9-16.
18.
Freud, S. (1957). Mourning and melancholia. In J. Strachey (Trans. & Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, Vol. 14 (pp. 237-258). London: Hogarth. (Original work published 1917)
19.
Hall, B.A. (1990). The struggle of the diagnosed terminally ill person to maintain hope. Nursing Science Quarterly, 3, 177-184.
20.
Knapp, R. L. (1986). Beyond endurance: When a child dies. New York: Schocken.
21.
Kübler-Ross, E. (1969). On death and dying. New York: Macmillan.
22.
Lindemann, E. (1944). Symptomology and management of acute grief. American Journal of Psychiatry, 101, 141-149.
23.
Marris, P. (1974). Loss and change. New York: Pantheon.
24.
McCubbin, H. I. , & Figley, C. R. (Eds.). (1983). Stress and the family (2 vols.). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
25.
Monette, P. (1990). Borrowed time: An AIDS memoir. New York: Avon.
26.
Moriarty, H. J. (1990). Key issues in the family research process: Strategies for nurse researchers. Advances in Nursing Science, 12(3), 1-14.
27.
Moustakas, C. (1972). Loneliness and love. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
28.
Murphy, S. (1986). Family study and nursing research. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 18, 170-174.
29.
Nokes, K. , & Carver, K. (1991). The meaning of living with AIDS: A study using Parse's theory of man-living-health. Nursing Science Quarterly, 4, 175-179.
30.
O'Brien, M. E. (1991Living with HIV: Experiment in courage. New York: Aubum House.
31.
Parkes, C. M. (1987). Bereavement: Studies of grief in adult life (2nd American ed.). New York: International Universities Press.
32.
Parse, R. R. (1981). Man-living-health: A theory of nursing. New York: Wiley.
33.
Parse, R. R. (1987). Man-living-health theory of nursing. In R. R. Parse, Nursing science: Major paradigms, theories, and critiques (pp. 159-180) Philadelphia: Saunders.
34.
Parse, R. R. (1990). Parse's research methodology with an illustration of the lived experience of hope. Nursing Science Quarterly, 3, 9-17.
35.
Parse, R. R. (1992). Human becoming: Parse's theory of nursing. Nursing Science Quarterly, 55, 35-42.
36.
Pilkington, B. (1993). The lived experience of grieving the loss of an important other. Nursing Science Quarterly, 6, 130-139.
37.
Pincus, L. (1974). Death and the family: The importance of mourning. New York: Pantheon.
38.
Reilly, D. M. (1978). Death propensity, dying, and bereavement: A family systems perspective. Family Therapy, 5, 35-55.
39.
Rudd, A. , & Taylor, D. (1992). Positive women: Voices of women living with AIDS. Toronto, Ontario: Second Story Press.
40.
Sanders, C. M. (1989). Grief: The mourning after. New York: Wiley.
41.
Schecter, S. (1990). The AIDS notebooks. Albany: State University of New York Press.
42.
Schneider, I. (1984). Stress, loss and grief. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press.
43.
Shilts, R. (1987). And the band played on: Politics, people, and the AIDS epidemic. New York: St Martin's Press.
44.
Sowell, R. L. , Bramlett, M. H., Gueldner, S. H., Gritzmacher, D., & Martin, G. (1991). The lived experience of survival and bereavement following the death of a lover from AIDS. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 23, 89-94.
45.
Walker, G. (1991). In the mist of winter: Systemic therapy with families, couples, and individuals with AIDS inaction. New York: Norton.
46.
Weber, J. , & Fournier, D. (1985). Family support and a child's adjustment to death. Family Relations, 34(1), 43-49.
47.
Weitz, R. (1991). Life with AIDS. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
48.
Werner-Beland, J. A. (Ed.). (1980). Grief responses to long-term illness and disability. Reston, VA: Reston.
49.
Whall, A. L. , & Fawcett, J. (1991). Family theory development in nursing: State of the science and art. Philadelphia: Davis.
50.
Yalom, I. D. , & Greaves, C. (1977). Group therapy with the terminally ill. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 396-400.
