In order to present the state of the science of hostility among and across disciplines, a review of the literature was completed. The knowledge gained may influence nursing practice. Scholarly works from nursing, medical and basic sciences, psychology, sociology, education, philosophy, business, communication, and criminology were reviewed. Similar patterns in the use of the concept were discovered. The patterns revealed five themes: hostility as a health-risk factor, hostility as a factor in family relationships, hostility as a factor in perceived challenge, hostility as a factor in criminal behavior, and hostility as a factor in the workplace. Based on the knowledge gained about hostility, implications for nursing practice related to changing the hostile working environment for nurses were suggested using modeling and role-modeling nursing theory.
AlmondL.McManusM. A.WardL. (2014). Male-on-male sexual assaults: An analysis of crime scene sctions. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(7), 1279-1296. doi: 10.1177/0886260513506282
2.
American Nurses Association. (Nov/Dec, 2014). ANA forms new group on workplace violence, incivility. The American Nurse, 11.
3.
American Nurses Association. (2010). American Nurses Association 2010 House of Delegates resolution: Hostility, abuse and bullying in the workplace. Kansas Nurse, 85(6), 17-17.
4.
BambiS.BecattiniG.Domenico GiustiG.MezzettiA.GuazziniA.LuminiE. (2014). Lateral hostilities among nurses employed in intensive care units, emergency departments, operating rooms, and emergency medical services: A national survey in Italy. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 33(6), 347-354. doi: 10.1097/DCC.0000000000000077
5.
BetancourtT. S.BorisovaI. I.de la SoudièreM.WilliamsonJ. (2011). Sierra Leone’s child soldiers: War exposures and mental health problems by gender. Journal of Adolescent Health, 49(1), 21-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.09.021
6.
BrondoloE.GranthamK. I.KarlinW.TaravellaJ.Mencía-RipleyA.SchwartzJ. E.ContradaR. J. (2009). Trait hostility and ambulatory blood pressure among traffic enforcement agents: The effects of stressful social interactions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(2), 110-121. doi: 10.1037/a0014768
7.
BrookD. W.BrookJ. S.RubenstoneE.ZhangC.FinchS. J. (2010). A longitudinal study of sexual risk behavior among the adolescent children of HIV-positive and HIV-negative drug-abusing fathers. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(3), 224-231. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.07.001
8.
BruceK. M. (2013). LGBT Pride as a cultural protest tactic in a southern city. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 42(5), 608-635. doi: 10.1177/0891241612474933
9.
BrydonL.LinJ.ButcherL.HamerM.ErusalimskyJ. D.BlackburnE. H.SteptoeA. (2012). Hostility and cellular aging in men from the Whitehall II Cohort. Biological Psychiatry, 71(9), 767-773. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.08.020
10.
BuchananF.PowerC.VerityF. (2014). The effects of domestic violence on the formation of relationships between women and their babies: ‘I was too busy protecting my baby to attach’. Journal of Family Violence, 29(7), 713-724. doi: 10.1007/s10896-014-9630-5
11.
BurkhartK.KnoxM.BrockmyerJ. (2013). Pilot evaluation of the ACT Raising Safe Kids program on children’s bullying behavior. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 22(7), 942-951. doi: 10.1007/s10826-012-9656-3
12.
BussA. H.DurkeeA. (1957). An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21(4), 343-349. doi: 10.1037/h0046900
13.
BussA. H.PerryM. (1992). The Aggression Questionnaire. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 63(3), 452-459. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452
14.
ChidaY.SteptoeA. (2009). The association of anger and hostility with future coronary heart disease: A meta-analytic review of prospective evidence. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 53(11), 936-946. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.11.044
15.
CookW. W.MedleyD. M. (1954). Proposed hostility and Pharisaic-virtue scales for the MMPI. Journal of Applied Psychology, 38(6), 414-418. doi: 10.1037/h0060667
16.
D’AntonoB.MoskowitzD. S.NigamA. (2013). The metabolic costs of hostility in healthy adult men and women: Cross-sectional and prospective analyses. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 75(3), 262-269. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.05.010
17.
DelvecchioE.Di RisoD.ChessaD.SalcuniS.MazzeschiC.LaghezzaL. (2014). Expressed emotion, parental stress, and family dysfunction among parents of nonclinical Italian children. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 23(6), 989-999. doi: 10.1007/s10826-013-9754-x
18.
ElliottP. C.MurphyB. M.OsterK. A.Le GrandeM. R.HigginsR. O.WorcesterM. U. (2010). Changes in mood states after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 9(3), 188-194. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2009.11.010
19.
ElovainioM.MerjonenP.Pulkki-RåbackL.KivimäkiM.JokelaM.MattsonN.. . . Keltikangas-JärvinenL. (2011). Hostility, metabolic syndrome, inflammation and cardiac control in young adults: The Young Finns Study. Biological Psychology, 87(2), 234-240. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.03.002
20.
EricksonH. C.TomlinE. M.SwainM. A. P. (1983). Modeling and Role-Modeling: A Theory and Paradigm for Nursing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
21.
Everson-RoseS. A.RoetkerN. S.LutseyP. L.KershawK. N.LongstrethW. T.JrSaccoR. L.. . . AlonsoA. (2014). Chronic stress, depressive symptoms, anger, hostility, and risk of stroke and transient ischemic attack in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Stroke (00392499), 45(8), 2318-2323. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.004815
22.
FalkC. F.BlaylockB. K. (2012). The H factor: A behavioral explanation of leadership failures in the 2007-2009 financial system meltdown. Journal of Leadership, Accountability & Ethics, 9(2), 68-82.
23.
FebresJ.ShoreyR.ZucoskyH.BrasfieldH.VitulanoM.ElmquistJ.. . . StuartG. (2014). The relationship between male-perpetrated interparental aggression, paternal characteristics, and child psychosocial functioning. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 23(5), 907-916. doi: 10.1007/s10826-013-9748-8
24.
FrancisK. J.WolfeD. A. (2008). Cognitive and emotional differences between abusive and non-abusive fathers. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(12), 1127-1137. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.05.007
25.
GidronY.GaygısızE.LajunenT. (2014). Hostility, driving anger, and dangerous driving: The emerging role of hemispheric preference. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 73(0), 236-241. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2014.09.011
26.
HakulinenC.JokelaM.HintsanenM.MerjonenP.Pulkki-RåbackL.SeppäläI.. . . Keltikangas-JärvinenL. (2013). Serotonin receptor 1B genotype and hostility, anger and aggressive behavior through the lifespan: The Young Finns Study. Journal Of Behavioral Medicine, 36(6), 583-590. doi: 10.1007/s10865-012-9452-y
27.
HicksonJ. (2013). New nurses’ perceptions of hostility and job satisfaction: Magnet versus non-magnet. Journal of Nursing Administration, 43(5), 293-301. doi: 10.1097/NNA.0b013e31828eebc9
28.
HirschmannN. J. (2013). Queer/fear: Disability, sexuality, and the other. Journal of Medical Humanities, 34(2), 139-147.
29.
HongliL.LiM.HaipingZ. (2013). Study on correlation between coping style and emotional status of breast cancer patients during chemotherapy [Chinese]. Chinese Nursing Research, 27(5C), 1425-1425.
HyphantisT.GouliaP.CarvalhoA. F. (2013). Personality traits, defense mechanisms and hostility features associated with somatic symptom severity in both health and disease. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 75(4), 362-369. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.08.014
32.
IngersollG. L.WasilewskiA.HallerM.PandyaK.BennettJ.HeH.. . . BerryC. (2010). Effect of Concord grape juice on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: Results of a pilot study. Oncology Nursing Forum, 37(2), 213-221. doi: 10.1188/10.ONF.213-221
33.
JacksonD.HutchinsonM.LuckL.WilkesL. (2013). Mosaic of verbal abuse experienced by nurses in their everyday work. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(9), 2066-2075. doi: 10.1111/jan.12074
34.
KlabbersG.BosmaH.van den AkkerM.KempenG. I. J. M.van EijkJ. T. M. (2013). Cognitive hostility predicts all-cause mortality irrespective of behavioural risk at late middle and older age. European Journal Of Public Health, 23(4), 701-705. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cks060
35.
KoC.-H.LiuT.-L.WangP.-W.ChenC.-S.YenC.-F.YenJ.-Y. (2014). The exacerbation of depression, hostility, and social anxiety in the course of Internet addiction among adolescents: A prospective study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(6), 1377-1384. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.05.003
36.
KovácsováN.RoškováE.LajunenT. (2014). Forgivingness, anger, and hostility in aggressive driving. Accident; Analysis And Prevention, 62, 303-308. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.10.017
37.
LaiC.-Y.SuY.-Y.LinS.-T.YuC.-Y.LinY.-C. (2010). Music and restraint: Emotional control effects on psychiatric patients kept in seclusion [Chinese]. Journal of Nursing & Healthcare Research, 6(4), 308-318.
38.
LehmannR. J. B.GoodwillA. M.Gallasch-NemitzF.BiedermannJ.DahleK.-P. (2013). Applying crime scene analysis to the prediction of sexual recidivism in stranger rapes. Law & Human Behavior (American Psychological Association), 37(4), 241-254. doi: 10.1037/lhb0000015
39.
LewisG.CollishawS.ThaparA.HaroldG. (2014). Parent–child hostility and child and adolescent depression symptoms: The direction of effects, role of genetic factors and gender. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 23(5), 317-327. doi: 10.1007/s00787-013-0460-4
40.
MartinsN. (2013). Televised relational and physical aggression and children’s hostile intent attributions. Journal Of Experimental Child Psychology, 116(4), 945-952. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2013.05.006
41.
McFarlaneJ.SymesL.BinderB.MaddouxJ.PaulsonR. (2014). Maternal-child dyads of functioning: The intergenerational impact of violence against women on children. Maternal & Child Health Journal, 18(9), 2236-2243. doi: 10.1007/s10995-014-1473-4
42.
Medler-LirazH.KarkR. (2012). It takes three to tango: Leadership and hostility in the service encounter. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(1), 81-93. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.11.007
43.
MoserD. K.DracupK.EvangelistaL. S.ZambroskiC. H.LennieT. A.ChungM. L.. . . HeoS. (2010). Comparison of prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hostility in elderly patients with heart failure, myocardial infarction, and a coronary artery bypass graft. Heart & Lung, 39(5), 378-385. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2009.10.017
44.
NesbitS. M.CongerJ. C. (2012). Predicting aggressive driving behavior from anger and negative cognitions. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 15(6), 710-718. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2012.07.003
45.
ReynoldsG.KellyS.Singh-CarlsonS. (2014). Horizontal hostility and verbal violence between nurses in the perinatal arena of health care. Nursing Management - UK, 20(9), 24-30.
46.
RijlaarsdamJ.StevensG. W. J. M.JansenP. W.RingootA. P.JaddoeV. W. V.HofmanA.. . . TiemeierH. (2014). Maternal childhood maltreatment and offspring emotional and behavioral problems: Maternal and paternal mechanisms of risk transmission. Child Maltreatment, 19(2), 67-78. doi: 10.1177/1077559514527639
47.
SeldenM. P.DowneyR. G. (2012). Workplace hostility: Defining and measuring the occurrence of hostility in the workforce. Work (Reading, Mass.), 42(1), 93-105. doi: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1332
48.
SellersR.HaroldG. T.ElamK.RhoadesK. A.PotterR.MarsB.. . . CollishawS. (2014). Maternal depression and co-occurring antisocial behaviour: Testing maternal hostility and warmth as mediators of risk for offspring psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(2), 112-120. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12111
49.
ShekelleR. B.GaleM.OstfeldA. M.PaulO. (1983). Hostility, risk of coronary heart disease, and mortality. Psychosomatic Medicine, 45(2), 109-114.
50.
SinC. H.HedgesA.CookC.ComberN. (2009). Targeted violence and hostility against people with mental health conditions. Mental Health Today, 26-30.
51.
SmithT. W.GlazerK.RuizJ. M.GalloL. C. (2004). Hostility, anger, aggressiveness, and coronary heart disease: An interpersonal perspective on personality, emotion, and health. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1217-1270. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00296.x
52.
SmithT. W.UchinoB. N.BoschJ. A.KentR. G. (2014). Trait hostility is associated with systemic inflammation in married couples: An actor partner analysis. Biological Psychology, 102, 51-53. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.07.005
53.
SulsJ. (2013). Anger and the heart: Perspectives on cardiac risk, mechanisms and interventions. Progress in Cardiovascular Disease, 55(6), 538-547. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2013.03.002
54.
TemaT. R.PoggenpoelM.MyburghC. P. H. (2011). Experiences of psychiatric nurses exposed to hostility from patients in a forensic ward. Journal of Nursing Management, 19(7), 915-924. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2011.01304.x
55.
WilsonB. L.DiedrichA.PhelpsC. L.ChoiM. (2011). Bullies at work: The impact of horizontal hostility in the hospital setting and intent to leave. Journal of Nursing Administration, 41(11), 453-458. doi: 10.1097/NNA.0b013e3182346e90
56.
WilsonB. L.PhelpsC. (2013). Horizontal hostility: A threat to patient safety. JONA’s Healthcare Law, Ethics And Regulation, 15(1), 51-57. doi: 10.1097/NHL.0b013e3182861503
57.
WongJ. M.NaB.ReganM. C.WhooleyM. A. (2013). Hostility, health behaviors, and risk of recurrent events in patients with stable coronary heart disease: Findings from the Heart and Soul Study. Journal Of The American Heart Association, 2(5), e000052-e000052. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000052
58.
WoodP. (2012). All the rage. Spectator (00386952), 319(9592), 14-15.
59.
WuE. Y.ReebB. T.MartinM. J.GibbonsF. X.SimonsR. L.CongerR. D. (2014). Paternal hostility and maternal hostility in European American and African American families. Journal of Marriage & Family, 76(3), 638-651. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12107
