The author of this paper examines the initial conceptualization of death and dying theory within the context of the Roy adaptation model (RAM) and compares it with current knowledge development. An evolved RAM with its philosophic assumptions provides a framework by which to add existential components of spirituality, life meaning, and purposeful existence that were absent in the original work on death and dying.
AndoM.MoritaT.LeeV.OkamotoT. (2008). A pilot study of transformation, attributed meanings to the illness, and spiritual-well-being for terminally ill cancer patients. Palliative and Supportive Care, 6, 335-340.
2.
BaroneS. H.RoyC. L.FredericksonK. C. (2008). Instruments used in Roy adaptation model-based research, Nursing Science Quarterly, 21(4), 353-362.
3.
Boston Based Adaptation Research in Nursing Society [BBARNS. (1999). Roy adaptation model-based research: 25 years of contributions to nursing science. Indianapolis, IN: Sigma Theta Tau International Center Nursing Press.
4.
CastlesM. R.KeithP. M. (1979). Patient concerns: Emotional resources and perception of nurse and patient roles. Omega, 10(1), 27-33.
5.
ChibnallJ. T.VideenS. D.DuckroP. N.MillerD. K. (2002). Psycho-social correlates of death distress in patients with life-threatening medical conditions. Palliative Medicine, 16, 331-338.
Delgado-GuayM. O.HuiDParsonsH. A.GovernK.DelaCruzM.ThorneyS.BrueraE. (2011). Spirituality, religiosity, and spiritual pain in advanced cancer \ patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 41(6), 986-994.
8.
DeSanto-MadeyaS.FawcettJ. (2009). Toward understanding and measuring adaptation level in the context of the Roy adaptation model. Nursing Science Quarterly, 22(4), 355-359.
9.
DobratzM. C. (1984), Life closure. In RoyS. C.Introduction to nursing: An adaptation model (2nd ed., pp. 497-518). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
10.
DobratzM. C. (2002). The pattern of the becoming-self in death and dying. Nursing Science Quarterly, 15(2), 137-142.
11.
DobratzM. C. (2004). Life-closing spirituality and the philosophic assumptions of the Roy adaptation model. Nursing Science Quarterly, 17(4), 335-338.
12.
DobratzM. C. (2011). A middle-range theory of psychological adaptation in death and dying. Nursing Science Quarterly, 24(4), 370-376.
13.
DobratzM. C. (2012). All my saints are within me; Expressions of end-of-life spirituality. Palliative and Supportive Care, 11, 1-8.
14.
FeigenbergL.SchneidmanE. (1979). Clinical thanatology and psychotherapy: Some reflections on caring for the dying person. Omega, 10(1), 1-8.
15.
HintonJ. M. (1963). The physical and mental distress of the dying. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 32(3), 1-21.
16.
KnightS. J.EmanuelL. (2007). Processes of adjustment to end-of-life losses: A reintegration model. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 10(5), 1190-1198.
17.
Kubler-RossE., (1969). On death and dying. New York, NY: McMillian Publishing, Company, Inc.
18.
LeibermanM. A. (1965). Psychological correlation of impending death: Some preliminary observations. Journal of Gerontology, 20(2), 189.
19.
MakoC.GalekK.PoppitoS. R. (2006). Spiritual pain among patients with advanced cancer in palliative care. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 9(5), 1106-1113.
20.
RiehlJ. P.RoyC. (1980). Conceptual models for nursing practice. New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
21.
RoyC. (1988). An explication of the philosophical assumptions of the Roy adaptation model. Nursing Science Quarterly, 1(1), 26-34.
22.
RoyC.AndrewsH. A. (1999). The Roy adaptation model (2nd ed.). Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange.
23.
RoyC. (2009). The Roy adaptation model (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
24.
RoyC. (2011). Extending the Roy adaptation model to meet changing global needs. Nursing Science Quarterly, 24(4), 345-351.
25.
RoyC., & Roy Adaptation Association Team (in press). Generating middle-range theory: From evidence to Practice. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
26.
SessannaL.FinnellD.JezewskiM. A. (2007). Spirituality in nursing and health-related literature: A concept analysis. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 25(4), 252-262.
27.
ThompsonJ. D. (1979). Dilemmas of dying. Edinburgh: The University of Edinburgh Press.
28.
WillisD. G.GraceP. J.RoyC. (2008). A central unifying focus for the discipline: Facilitating humanization, meaning, choice, quality of life, and healing in living and dying. Advances in Nursing Science, 31(1), E28-E40.
29.
YangW.StapsT.Y HijmansE. (2010). Existential crisis and the awareness of dying: The role of meaning and spirituality. Omega, 61(1), 53-69.