The enigma of defining nursing science is preceded by defining nursing, science, research, and nursing theory-guided practice. The context for exploring the meaning of nursing science is provided through examination of the totality and simultaneity paradigms. Differing views of nursing as a discipline are discussed. The position is taken that nursing is a basic science with various nursing schools of thought that constitute the substantive knowledge of the discipline. Finally, a definition of nursing science is presented that is broad enough to encompass all disciplinary knowledge. Despite current challenges, an optimistic vision is emerging. The nurse theorists and other nurse scholars who are furthering the development of this work are considered to be the cultural creatives of nursing and contributors to a larger movement toward wholeness in science and in society.
Allison, S. E. , & Renpenning, K. (1999). Nursing administration in the 21st century. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
2.
Anderson, C. A. (2000). The time is now. Nursing Outlook, 48, 257-258.
3.
Barrett, E.A.M. (1990). Preface. In E.A.M. Barrett (Ed.), Visions of Rogers’ science-based nursing (pp. xxi-xxiii). New York: National League for Nursing.
4.
Barrett, E.A.M. (1998). Unique nursing research methods: The diversity chant of pioneers. Nursing Science Quarterly, 11, 94-96.
5.
Burns, N. , & Grove, S. K. (2000). The practice of nursing research: Conduct, critique, & utilization (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.
6.
Daly, J. , Mitchell, G. J., Toikkanen, T., Millar, B., Zanotti, R., Takahashi, T., et al. (1997). What is nursing science? An international dialogue. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10, 10-13.
7.
Donaldson, S. K. , & Crowley, D. M. (1978). The discipline of nursing. Nursing Outlook, 26, 113-120.
8.
Fawcett, J. (1993). From a plethora of paradigms to parsimony in world views. Nursing Science Quarterly, 6, 56-58.
9.
Fawcett, J. (2000a). Analysis and evaluation of contemporary nursing knowledge: Nursing models and theories. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.
10.
Fawcett, J. (2000b). The state of nursing science: Where is the nursing in the science?Theoria: Journal of Nursing Theory, 9(3), 3-10.
11.
Fitzpatrick, J. J. (Ed.). (2000). Encyclopedia of nursing research. New York: Springer.
12.
Frost, R. (1967). The road not taken. In R. Frost (Ed.), Complete poems of Robert Frost (p. 131). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
13.
Gustafsson, B. (2000). The SAUC model for confirming nursing. Theoria: Journal of Nursing Theory, 9(1), 6-21.
14.
Ingersoll, G. L. (2000). Evidence-based nursing: What it is and what it isn’t. Nursing Outlook, 48, 151-152.
15.
Johnson, D. E. (1992). The origins of the behavioral system model. In F. N. Nightingale (Ed.), Notes on nursing: What it is, and what it is not (Commemorative ed., pp. 23-27). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott.
16.
King, I. M. (1990). A theory for nursing: Systems, concepts, process. Albany, NY: Delmar. (Original work published 1981)
17.
King, I. M. (1997a). Knowledge development for nursing: A process. In I. M. King & J. Fawcett (Eds.), The language of nursing theory and metatheory (pp. 19-25). Indianapolis, IN: Center Nursing Press.
18.
King, I. M. (1997b). Reflections on the past and a vision of the future. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10, 15-17.
19.
King, I. M. (2000). Evidence-based nursing practice. Theoria: Journal of Nursing Theory, 9(2), 4-9.
20.
Leininger, M. (1995). Culture care theory, research and practice. Nursing Science Quarterly, 9, 71-78.
21.
Levine, M. E. (1996). The conservation principles: A retrospective. Nursing Science Quarterly, 9, 38-41.
22.
Munhall, P. L. (1997). Deja vu, parroting, buy-ins, and an opening. In I. M. King & J. Fawcett (Eds.), The language of nursing theory and metatheory (pp. 79-87). Indianapolis, IN: Center Nursing Press.
23.
Nagle, L. M. (1999). A matter of extinction or distinction. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 21, 71-82.
24.
Neuman, B. M. (1996). The Neuman systems model (3rd ed.). Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange.
25.
Newman, M. A. (1990). Newman’s theory of health as praxis. Nursing Science Quarterly, 3, 37-41.
26.
Newman, M. A. , Sime, A. M., & Corcoran-Perry, S. A. (1991). The focus of the discipline of nursing. Advances in Nursing Science, 14(1), 1-6.
27.
O’Neill, E. (2000, November). Workplace Issues in Nursing. Paper presented at the annual conference of the American Academy of Nursing, San Diego, CA.
28.
Orem, D. E. (1995). Nursing: Concepts of practice (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
29.
Orem, D. E. (1997). Views of human beings specific to nursing. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10, 26-31.
30.
Orlando, I. J. (1987). Nursing in the 21st century: Alternate paths. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 12, 405-412.
31.
Parse, R. R. (1997). The language of nursing knowledge: Saying what we mean. In I. M. King & J. Fawcett (Eds.), The language of nursing theory and metatheory (pp. 73-77). Indianapolis, IN: Center Nursing Press.
32.
Parse, R. R. (1998). The human becoming school of thought: A perspective for nurses and other health professionals. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
33.
Parse, R. R. (1999). The discipline and the profession. Nursing Science Quarterly, 12, 275.
34.
Parse, R. R. (2000). Paradigms: A reprise. Nursing Science Quarterly, 13, 275-276.
35.
Parse, R. R. , Barrett, E., Bourgeois, M., Dee, V., Egan, E., Germain, C., et al. (2000). Nursing theory-guided practice: A definition. Nursing Science Quarterly, 13,177.
36.
Pender, N. J. (1996). Health promotion in nursing practice (3rd ed.). Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange.
37.
Peplau, H. (1952). Interpersonal relations in nursing. New York: Putnam.
38.
Phillips, J. R. (2000). Rogerian nursing science and research: A healing process for nursing. Nursing Science Quarterly, 13, 196-203.
39.
Ray, P. H. , & Anderson, S. R. (2000). The cultural creatives: How 50 million people are changing the world. New York: Harmony Books.
40.
Rogers, M. E. (1964). Reveille in nursing. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.
41.
Rogers, M. E. (1970). An introduction to the theoretical basis of nursing. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.
42.
Rogers, M. E. (1992). Nursing science and the space age. Nursing Science Quarterly, 5, 27-34.
43.
Rogers, M. E. (1994). The science of unitary human beings. Nursing Science Quarterly, 7, 33-35.
44.
Roper, N. , Logan, W., & Tierney, A. J. (2000). The Roper-Logan-Tierney model of nursing. New York: Churchill Livingstone.
45.
Roy, C. (1997). Future of the Roy model: Challenge to redefine adaptation. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10, 42-48.
46.
Roy, C. (1999). The Roy adaptation model-based research: 25 years of contributions to nursing science. Indianapolis, IN: Center Nursing Press.
47.
Watson, J. (1999). Postmodern nursing and beyond. New York: Churchill Livingston.
48.
Wieck, K. L. (2000). A vision for nursing: The future revisited. Nursing Outlook, 48, 7-8.
49.
Young, A. , Taylor, S. G., & Renpenning, K. (2001). Connections: Nursing theory, research, and practice. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
