The stress fields of vibration welded joints under different loading and boundary conditions were obtained using an elastic-plastic finite element model with a weld zone. The stress analysis focused on the effect of material and geometry on the joint strength. T-welded and cup-plaque welded joints were chosen to study the effect of geometry on joint strength. The results of the analysis were compared with the experimental data of unreinforced and 33% glass reinforced nylon 66. The numerical FEA results successfully explain the experimental strength and failure mode observed on complex joint geometries.
References
1.
1. Stokes, V.K. (1988). Vibration Welding of Thermoplastics. Part III: Strength of Polycarbonate Butt Welds , Polymer Engineering and Science, 28(15): 728-739 .
2.
2. Stokes, V.K. (1988). Vibration Welding of Thermoplastics. Part IV: Strengths of Poly(butylene terephthalate), Polyetherimide, and Modified Polyphenylene Oxide Butt Welds , Polymer Engineering and Science, 28(15): 998-1008 .
3.
3. Stokes, V.K. (1992). Cross-Thickness Vibration Welding of Thermoplastics, In: Society of Plastic Engineers, Proceedings ANTEC'92. Detroit, MI . pp. 880-883.
4.
4. Potente, H., Uebbing, M. and Lewandowski, E. (January 1993). The Vibration Welding of Polyamide 66 , Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 6: 2-17 .
5.
5. Stokes, V.K. (1995). Toward a Weld-Strength Data Base for Vibration Welding of Thermoplastics , In: Society of Plastics Engineering, Proceedings ANTEC'95. Boston, MA, pp. 1280-1284 .
6.
6. Potente, H. and Uebbing, M. (1997). Friction, Welding of Polyamides , Polymer Engineering and Science, 37(4): 726-737 .
7.
7. Kagan, V.A. (2001). Forward to Better Understanding of Optimized Performance of Welded Joints: Local Reinforcement and Memory Effects of Polyamides , In: Society of Automotive Engineers, Proceedings of International Congress and Exposition. Detroit, MI, Paper 2001-01-0441.
8.
8. Stokes, V.K. (2000). The Vibration Welding of Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Blends to Themselves and to Other Resins and Blends , Polymer Engineering and Science, 40(10): 2175-2181 .
9.
9. Froment, I.D. (1995). Vibration Welding Nylon 6 and Nylon 66 - a Comparative Study. In: Society of Plastics Engineers , Proceedings ANTEC'95. Boston, MA, pp. 1285-1289 .
10.
10. Kagan, V., Lui, S.C., Smith, G.R. and Partry, J. The Optimized Performance of Linear Vibration Welded Nylon 6 and Nylon 66 Butt Joints . In: Society of Plastics Engineers, Proceedings ANTEC'96. Indianapolis, IN, pp. 1266-1274 .
11.
11. Stokes, V.K. and Hobbs, S.Y. (1989). Strength and Bonding Mechanisms in Vibration-Welded Polycarbonate to Polyetherimide Joints , Polymer Engineering and Science, 29(23): 1667-1676 .
12.
12. Stokes, V.K. and Hobbs, S.Y. (1993). Vibration Welding of ABS to Itself and to Polycarbonate, Poly(butylenes terephthalate), Poly(ether imide) and Modified Poly(phenylene oxide) , Polymer, 34(6): 1222-1231 .
13.
13. Stokes, V.K. (2000). Assessment of Geometries for Determining Strengths of Thermoplastic Vibration Welds , Journal of Materials Science, 35: 2393-2403 .
14.
14. Bates, P., Couzens, D. and Kendall, J. (2000). Vibration, Welding of Highly Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites . In: Proceedings of American Society for Composites - 15th Technical Conference. College Station, TX, pp. 221-228 .
15.
15. Rudolf, R. and Neitzel, M. (1997). Interaction of Variables in Vibration Welding of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics , In: Proceeding of 29th International SAMPE Technical Conference, pp. 462-474 .
16.
16. Lee, C.S., Kagan, V., Knowlden, N., Kim, K.W. and Kim, H.D. (1998). Optimization of Vibration weld Joint Strength for Plastic Air Intake Manifold , In: Society of Automotive Engineers, Proceedings of International Congress and Exposition. Detroit, MI, Paper 980703.
17.
17. Bates, P.J., Mah, J.C. and Liang, H. (May 2001). Microstructure of Vibration Welded Nylon 66 Joints , In: Proceedings ANTEC' 2001. Dallas, Texas, pp. 3460-3464 .
18.
18. Bates, P.J., Wang, C.Y., Macdonald, J.J. and Liang, H. (2001). Vibration Welding Nylon 66 - Part I Experimental Study . Submitted to Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials.
19.
19. DuPont engineering polymers. Zytel® 1011 NC010 Product Information Data Sheet.
20.
20. DuPont engineering polymers. Zytel® 70G33HRL NC010 Product Information Data Sheet.
21.
21. The theory manual of ANSYS. Version 5.7, ANSYS Inc.
22.
22. Collins, Jack, A. (1993). Failure of Materials in Mechanical Design: Analysis, Prediction, Prevention. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York .
23.
23. Boresi Arthur P., Schmidt Richard, J. and Sidebottom Omar M. (1993). Advanced Mechanics of Materials. 5th Edn. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York .
24.
24. Dowling, Norman E. (1993). Mechanical Behavior of Materials: Engineering Methods for Deformation, Fracture and Fatigue, Prentice Hall, New Jersey .
