Menarche—or a woman's first menstrual period—is a central aspect of body politics. Through explorations of oral and written narratives, I suggest that girls' subjective sense of themselves as maturing women at menarche develops simultaneously with a process of sexualization whereby young women experience themselves as sexualized, and their bodies are produced as sexual objects. While women internalize negative scripts associated with the bleeding female body, they also respond with consciousness and resistance.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Bartky, S.
1992. Foucault, femininity, and the modernization of patriarchal power. In Feminist philosophies: Problems, theories and applications, edited by J. A. Kourany, J. P. Sterba, and R. Tong. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
2.
Bordo, S. R.
1989. The body and the reproduction of femininity: A feminist appropriation of Foucault. In Gender/body/knowledge: A feminist reconstruction of being and knowing, edited by A. M. Jaggar and S. R. Bordo. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
3.
Brooks-Gunn, J.
, and A. C. Petersen. 1983. The experience of menarche from a developmental perspective. In Girls at puberty, edited by J. Brooks-Gunn and A. C. Petersen. New York: Plenum.
4.
Brooks-Gunn, J.
, and D. N. Ruble. 1983. Dysmenorrhea in adolescence. In Menarche: The transition from girl to woman, edited by S. Golub. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
5.
Brown, L. M.
, and C. Gilligan. 1992. Meeting at the crossroads: Women's psychology and girls' development.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
6.
Brownmiller, S.
1984. Femininity.New York: Ballantine.
7.
Buckley, T.
, and A. Gottlieb. 1988. Blood magic: The anthropology of menstruation.Berkeley: University of California Press.
8.
Connell, R. W.
1987. Gender and power.Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
9.
Coward, R.
1985. Female desires: How they are sought, bought and packaged.New York: Grove Press.
10.
Danza, R.
1983. Menarche: Its effects on mother-daughter and father-daughter interactions. In Menarche: The transition from girl to woman, edited by S. Golub. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
11.
Delaney, J.
, M. J. Lupton, and E. Toth. 1988. The curse: The cultural history of menstruation.Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
12.
D'Emilio, J.
, and E. B. Freedman. 1988. Intimate matters: A history of sexuality in America.New York: Harper & Row.
13.
Dimen, M.
1986. Surviving sexual contradictions: A startling and different look at a day in the life of a contemporary professional woman.New York: Macmillan.
14.
Dinnerstein, D.
1976. The mermaid and the minotaur: Sexual arrangements and human malaise.New York: Harper & Row.
15.
Fine, M.1988. Sexuality, schooling and adolescent females: The missing discourse of desire.Harvard Educational Review58:29-53.
16.
Foucault, M.
1978. The history of sexuality, volume 1: An introduction. Translated by R. Hurley. New York: Pantheon.
17.
Gilligan, C.
, N. P. Lyons, and T. J. Hanmer, eds. 1990. Making connections: The relational worlds of adolescent girls at Emma Willard School.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
18.
Golub, S.
, ed. 1983. Menarche: The transition from girl to woman.Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
19.
Golub, S.
1992. Periods: From menarche to menopause.Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Hays, T. E.1987. Menstrual expressions and menstrual attitudes.Sex Roles16:605-14.
22.
Hill, J. P.
and G. N. Holmbeck. 1987. Familial adaptation to biological change during adolescence. In Biological-psychological interactions of early adolescence, edited by R. M. Lerner and T. T. Foch. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
23.
Hill, J. P.
, and M. E. Lynch. 1983. The intensification of gender-related role expectations during early adolescence. In Girls at puberty, edited by J. Brooks-Gunn and A. C. Petersen. New York: Plenum.
24.
Irigaray, L.
1985. Speculum of the other woman. Translated by G. C. Gill. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
25.
Jackson, B. B.
1992. Black women's responses to menarche and menopause. In Menstrual health in women's lives, edited by A. J. Dan and L. L. Lewis. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
26.
Koff, E.
1983. Through the looking glass of menarche: What the adolescent girl sees. In Menarche: The transition from girl to woman, edited by S. Golub. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
27.
Koff, E.
, J. Rierdan, and S. Jacobson.1981. The personal and interpersonal significance of menarche.Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry20:148-58.
28.
Koff, E.
, J. Rierdan, and E. Silverstone.1978. Changes in representation of body image as a function of menarcheal status.Developmental Psychology14:635-42.
29.
Lander, L.
1988. Images of bleeding: Menstruation as ideology.New York: Orlando Press.
30.
Laws, S.
1990. Issues of blood.London: Macmillan.
31.
Martin, E.
1987. The woman in the body: A cultural analysis of reproduction.Boston: Beacon Press.
32.
Orbach, S.
1986. Hunger strike.London: Faber and Faber.
33.
Patterson, E. T.
, and E. S. Hale.1985. Making sure: Integrating menstrual care practices into activities of everyday living.Advances in Nursing Science7:18-31.
34.
Rierdan, J.
, and E. Koff.1980. Representation of the female body by early and late adolescent girls.Journal of Youth and Adolescence9:339-96.
35.
Scott, J. W.
1992. Experience. In Feminists theorize the political, edited by J. Butler and J. W. Scott. New York: Routledge.
36.
Smith, D. E.1992. Sociology from women's experience.Sociological Theory10:88-98.
37.
Thorne, B.
1993. Gender play: Girls and boys in school.New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
38.
Ussher, Jane.
1989. The psychology of the female body.New York: Routledge.
39.
Weideger, P.
1976. Menstruation and menopause: The physiology and psychology: The myth and reality.New York: Knopf.
40.
Whisnant, L.
, and L. Zegans.1975. A study of attitudes towards menarche in white, middle-class American adolescent girls.American Journal of Psychiatry132:809-14.
41.
Young, I.
1990. Throwing like a girl and other essays in feminist philosophy.Bloomington: Indiana University Press.