An important determinant of success for community development corporations (CDCs) is their ability to create formal and informal interorganizational networks. The Pittsburgh Partnership for Neighborhood Development is one of the earliest citywide CDC networks in the United States and one of the few that became tightly integrated into the complex of financial and corporate leadership in its city. The partnership itself operates as an intermediary network for CDC real estate development and operating support, and the partnership CDCs have formed their own hub-spoke and peer-to-peer networks for employment training. But declining organizational capacity, the persisting problems of urban poverty and unemployment, and troubled economic development projects that have typically involved greater risk than those undertaken by their more housing-focused counterparts in other cities have left the partnership network vulnerable, as the political environment in city hall and in the local foundations has changed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Ahlbrandt, R. S. Jr. (1986). Public-private partnerships for neighborhood renewal. Journal of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 488, 120-133.
2.
Ahlbrandt, R. S. Jr. , & Weaver, C. (1987). Public-private institutions and advanced technology development in southwestern Pennsylvania. Journal of the American Planning Association, 53(4), 449-458.
3.
Bangs, R. L. , & Hong, J. H. (1994). Economic benchmarks: Economic indices for the city of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County. Pittsburgh, PA: University Center for Social and Urban Research, University of Pittsburgh.
4.
Bangs, R. L. , & Hong, J. H. (1995). Black and White economic conditions in the city of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, PA: University Center for Social and Urban Research, University of Pittsburgh.
5.
Beauregard, R. A. (1993). Voices of decline: The postwarfate of U. S. cities. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
6.
Brokaw, L. (1992, August). Anatomy of a start-up. Inc., p. 64.
7.
Brophy, P. C. (1993). Emerging approaches to community development. In H. Cisneros (Ed.), Interwoven destinies: Cities and the nation (pp. 213-230). New York: Norton.
8.
City of Pittsburgh, Department of City Planning . (1994). The Pittsburgh/Allegheny Empowerment Partnership, part one: Strategic plan. Pittsburgh, PA: Author.
9.
City of Pittsburgh, Office of the Mayor . (1996). Development report: Development solution for a changing market. Pittsburgh, PA: Author.
10.
Clark, G. L. (1989). Pittsburgh in transition: Consolidation of prosperity in an era of economic restructuring. In R. Beauregard (Ed.), Economic restructuring and political response (pp. 41-67). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
11.
Clavel, P. , & Wiewel, W. (Eds.). (1991). Harold Washington and the neighborhoods: Progressive city government in Chicago, 1983-1987. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
12.
Coleman, M. (1983). Interest intermediation and local urban development. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh.
13.
DeAngelis, J. P. , & Deitrick, S. (1994). The regional economic development bibliography and data base: Final report and annotated bibliography (Prepared for a subcommittee of the City of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County Service Consolidation Task Force on Economic Development). Pittsburgh, PA: Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh.
14.
Deitrick, S. , & Harrison, B. (1994). The Pittsburgh transition: Planning for local economic development in a world of change (a report to the Urban Redevelopment Authority of Pittsburgh). Pittsburgh, PA: H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University, and Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh.
15.
Dreier, P. (1996). Urban politics and progressive housing policy: Ray Flynn and Boston's neighborhood agenda. In W. D. Keating, N. Krumholz, & P. Star (Eds.), Revitalizing urban neighborhoods (pp. 63-82). Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
16.
The economic crisis of urban America . (1992, May 18). Business Week, 38-48.
17.
Fainstein, S. S. , Fainstein, N. I., Hill, R. C., Judd, D., & Smith, M. P. (1986). Restructuring the city: The political economy of urban redevelopment. White Plains, NY: Longman.
18.
Ferman, B. (1996). Challenging the growth machine: Neighborhood politics in Chicago and Pittsburgh. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
19.
Fitzgerald, J. (1990). Economic transformation in the Pittsburgh PMSA, 1979-1986. In R. D. Bingham & R. W. Eberts (Eds.), Economic restructuring of the American Midwest. Boston: Kluwer.
20.
Florida, R. L. , & Gleeson, R. E. (1993). Toward a shared economic vision for Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh, PA: Allegheny Conference on Community Development.
21.
Ford Foundation . (1996). Perspectives on partnerships. New York: Author.
22.
Frieden, B. J. , & Sagalyn, L. B. (1989). Downtown, Inc.: How America rebuilds cities. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
23.
Giloth, R. , Orlebeke, C., Tickell, J., & Wright, P. A. (1992). Choices ahead: CDCs and real estate production in Chicago. Chicago: Nathalie P. Voorhees Center for Neighborhood and Community Improvement, University of Illinois at Chicago.
24.
Harrison, B. (1994). Lean and mean: The changing landscape of corporate powerin the age of flexibility. New York: Basic Books.
25.
Harrison, B. , Weiss, M., & Gant, J. (1994). Building bridges: Community development corporations and the world of employment training. New York: Ford Foundation.
26.
Harvard Business School . (1993). Bidwell Training Center, Inc. and Manchester Craftsmen's Guild: Preparation for Pittsburgh (Case No. 9-693-087). Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School.
27.
Higdon, F. X. (1993). Job links program evaluation. Pittsburgh, PA: Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh.
28.
Hinds, M. deC . (1992, January 27). In Pittsburgh, laid-off workers to cook up civic pride along with bread. The New York inmes, p. AIO.
29.
Jacobson, L. (1987). Labor mobility and structural change in Pittsburgh. Journal of the American Planning Association, 53(4), 438-448.
30.
Jezierski, L. (1990). Neighborhoods and public-private partnerships in Pittsburgh. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 26(2), 217-249.
31.
Keating, W. D. , Krumholz, N., & Metzger, J. (1995). Postpopulist public-private partnerships. In W. D. Keating, N. Krumholz, & D. C. Perry (Eds.), Cleveland: A metropolitan reader (pp. 332-350). Kent, OH: Kent State University Press.
32.
Kotlowitz, A. (1991, September 17). Community groups quietly make strides in inner-city housing. The Wall Street Journal, p. AI.
33.
KPMG Peat Marwick LLP . (1995). Pittsburgh Partnership for Neighborhood Development, Inc.: Financial statements, December 31, 1994 and 1993. Pittsburgh, PA: Author.
34.
KPMG Peat Marwick LLP . (1996). Pittsburgh Partnership for Neighborhood Development, Inc.: Financial statements, December 31, 1995 and 1994. Pittsburgh, PA: Author.
35.
Logan, J. R. , & Molotch, H. L. (1987). Urban fortunes: The political economy of place. Berkeley: University of California Press.
36.
Lowe, S. , & Blake, J. L. (1992). Using the Community Reinvestment Act in low-income historic neighborhoods (Information Series No. 56). Washington, DC: National Trust for Historic Preservation.
37.
Lubove, R. (1969). Twentieth-century Pittsburgh: Government, business, and environmental change. New York: Knopf.
38.
Lubove, R. (1996). Twentieth-century Pittsburgh, volume 11: The post-steel era. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
39.
Lunt, P. (1993, August). Urban allies on the move. ABA Banking Journal, 85(8), 34-42.
40.
Lurcott, R. H. , & Downing, J. A. (1987). Apublic-private support system for community-based organizations in Pittsburgh. Journal of the American Planning Association, 53(4), 459-468.
41.
Mallett, W. J. (1992). Redevelopment and response: The lower Hill renewal and Pittsburgh's original cultural district. Pittsburgh History, 75(4), 176-190.
42.
Markusen, A. R. (1988). Planning for industrial decline: Lessons from steel communities. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 7(3), 173-184.
43.
Metzger, J. T. (1992). The Community Reinvestment Act and neighborhood revitalization in Pittsburgh. In G. D. Squires (Ed.), From redlining to reinvestment: Community responses to urban disinvestment (pp. 73-108). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
44.
Metzger, J. T. (1996). Reinventing housing in Pittsburgh: Interview with Mayor Tom Murphy. Shelterforce, 86, 13-18.
45.
Mier, R. (Ed.). (1993). Social justice and local development policy. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
46.
Mollenkopf, J. H. (1983). The contested city. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
47.
Nye, N. , & Glickman, N. J. (1995). Expanding local capacity through community development partnerships (Policy Report No. 14). New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers University.
48.
Osborne, D. (1988). Laboratories of democracy. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
49.
Peirce, N. R. , & Steinbach, C. F. (1987). Corrective capitalism: The rise of America's community development corporations. New York: Ford Foundation.
50.
Peirce, N. R. , & Steinbach, C. F. (1990). Enterprising communities: Community-based development in America, 1990. Washington, DC: Council for Community-Based Development.
51.
Pittsburgh Community Reinvestment Group (PCRG) . (1995). Follow the money: Neighborhood lending report, 1991-1994. Pittsburgh, PA: Author.
52.
Pittsburgh Partnership for Neighborhood Development (PPND) . (1991). 1989-1990 annual report. Pittsburgh, PA: Author.
53.
Pittsburgh Partnership for Neighborhood Development (PPND) . (1993). 1991-1992 annual report. Pittsburgh, PA: Author.
54.
Pittsburgh Partnership for Neighborhood Development (PPND) . (1994a). 1993 annual report. Pittsburgh, PA: Author.
55.
Pittsburgh Partnership for Neighborhood Development (PPND) . (1994b). PPND programs 1989-93. Pittsburgh, PA: Author.
56.
Pittsburgh Partnership for Neighborhood Development (PPND) . (1996a). Community development corporations and employment opportunities report. Pittsburgh, PA: Author.
57.
Pittsburgh Partnership for Neighborhood Development (PPND) . (1996b). Real estate production to date as of December 31, 1995. Pittsburgh, PA: Author.
58.
Pittsburgh Regional Planning Association . (1963). Economic study of the Pittsburgh region. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
59.
Rubin, H. J. (1993). Understanding the ethos of community-based development: Ethnographic description for public administrators. Public Administration Review, 53(5), 428-437.
60.
Rusk, D. (1993). Cities without suburbs. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
61.
Russakoff, D. (1992, September 12). Bakery rises from shattered dreams in Pittsburgh. The Washington Post, p. A1.
62.
Sbragia, A. (1989). The Pittsburgh model of economic development: Partnership, responsiveness, and indifference. In G. D. Squires (Ed.), Unequal partnerships: The political economy of urban redevelopment in postwar America (pp. 103-120). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
63.
Squires, G. D. (Ed.). (1989). Unequal partnerships: The political economy of urban redevelopment in postwar America. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
64.
Squires, G. D. , Bennett, L., McCourt, K., & Nyden, P. (1987). Chicago: Race, class, and the response to urban decline. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
65.
Stewman, S. , & Tarr, J. A. (1982). Four decades of public and private partnerships in Pittsburgh. In R. S. Fosler & R. A. Berger (Eds.), Public-private partnerships in American cities (pp. 59-127). Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
66.
Swaney, C. (1991, December 29). City that can raise bread will bake it. The New York Times, p. 10:3.
67.
Swanstrom, T. (1985). The crisis of growth politics: Cleveland, Kucinich, and the challenge of urban populism. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
68.
Thomas, J. M. (1984). Redevelopment and redistribution. In P. R. Porter & D. C. Sweet (Eds.), Rebuilding America s cities: Roads to recovery (pp. 143-159). New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers University.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census . (1995). Housing in metropolitan areas: Home owner financial characteristics (Statistical Brief No. 94-31). Washington, DC: Author.
71.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Economic Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census . (1992). 1990 census of population and housing. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
72.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Economic Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census . (1995). 1992 census of manufacturers. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
73.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development . (1996). New American neighborhoods: Building homeownership zones to revitalize our communities. Washington, DC: Author.
74.
Vidal, A. C. (1992). Rebuilding communities: A national study of community development corporations. New York: Community Development Research Center, Graduate School of Management and Urban Policy, New School for Social Research.
75.
Vidal, A. C. , Howitt, A. M., & Foster, K. P. (1986). Stimulating community development: An assessment of the local initiatives support corporation. Cambridge, MA: State, Local, and Intergovernmental Center, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.
76.
Weber, M. P. (1988). Don't call me boss: David L. Lawrence, Pittsburgh's renaissance mayor. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
77.
Weiss, M. A. (1985). The origins and legacy of urban renewal. In J. P. Mitchell (Ed.), Federal housing policy and programs: Past and present (pp. 253-276). New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers University.
78.
Weiss, M. A. , & Metzger, J. T. (1987). Technology development, neighborhood planning, and negotiated partnerships: The case of Pittsburgh's Oakland neighborhood. Journal of the American Planning Association, 53(4), 469-477.
79.
Weiss, M. A. , & Metzger, J. T. (1989). Planning for Chicago: The changing politics of metropolitan growth and neighborhood development. In R. A. Beauregard (Ed.), Atop the urban hierarchy (pp. 123-151). Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield.
