Atholl, J. (1954) Shadow of the Gallows. London : John Long.
2.
Bleackley, H. (1975) The Hangmen of England. Montclair, N.J.: Patterson Smith. (originally published 1929)
3.
——— (1933) Jack Sheppard. London: William Hodge and Company Ltd.
4.
Dickens, C. (1892) "Letters to the Editor of the London Times, November 13, November 17, 1849," pp. 241-244 in Vol. 22, The Works of Charles Dickens (National Library ed.). New York: Bigelow, Brown .
5.
Duff, C. (1955) A Handbook on Hanging: Finally Revised Edition . London: Putnam.
6.
Earle, A.M. (1969) Curious Punishments of Bygone Days. Montclair, N.J.: Patterson Smith. (originally published 1896)
7.
Elliott, R.C. (1940) Agent of Death: Memoirs of an Executioner. New York: E. P. Dutton.
8.
Goffman, E. (1959) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday-Anchor.
9.
Hornum, F. (1968) " The executioner." in M. Truzzi (ed.) Sociology and Everyday Life. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
10.
Laurence, J. (1960) A History of Capital Punishment. New York: Citadel Press.
11.
Lofland, J. (1975) "The dramaturgics of state executions," introduction to Horace Bleackley, The Hangmen of England. Montclair, N.J.: Patterson Smith.
12.
Lofland, L.H. (1973) A World of Strangers: Order and Action in Urban Public Space. New York: Basic Books .
13.
Maddox, J. (1969) " An indecent ritual," in Louis Blom-Cooper (ed.) The Hanging QuestionLondon: Gerald Duckworth.
14.
Mencken, A. [ed.] (1942) By the Neck: A Book of Hangings. New York: Hastings House.
15.
Robin, G., (1964) "The executioner: his place in English society." British J. ofSociology15: 243-253.
16.
Sacramento Bee (1973) "Reagan's humane death penalty raises serious questions of ethics." September 29: 1.
17.
Schmidt, F. (1928) "A Hangman's Diary: Being the Journal of Master Franz Schmidt Public Executioner of Nuremberg, 1573-1617. London: Philip Allan.
18.
Scott, G.R. (1950) The History of Capital Punishment. London: Torchstream.
19.
Thackeray, W.M. (1968) "Going to see a man hanged," pp. 417-431 in Vol. 26, The Works of William Makepeace Thackeray. New York: AMS Press. (reprinted from Fraser's Magazine, August 1840)
20.
United Nations (1968) Capital Punishment: Part I, Report 1960; Part II, Developments, 1961 to 1965. New York: United Nations.