Sedatives and Hypnotics in Lactation

1. Kryger MH , Roth T , Dement WC . Principles and practice of sleep medicine, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1994.

2. Maczaj M . Pharmacologic treatment of insomnia. Drugs 1993: 45:44-55.

3. Committee of Drugs , American Academy of Pediatrics: Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 1994; 93:137-150.

4. Murray L , Seger D . Drug therapy during pregnancy and lactation. Emerg Med Clin N America 1994; 12(1):129-149.

5. Kanto JH . Use of benzodiazepines during pregnancy, labour and lactation, with particular reference to pharmacokinetic considerations. Drugs 1982; 23:354-380.

6. Wesson DR , Comber S , Harkey M , et al. Diazepam and demethyldiazepam in breast milk. J Psychoactive Drugs 1985; 17:55-56.

7. Oo CY , Kuhn RJ , Desai N , et al. Pharmacokinetics in lactating women: prediction of alprazolam transfer into milk. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995; 40:231-236.

8. Borgatta L , Jenny RW , Gruss L , et al. Clinical significance of methohexital, meperidine, and diazepam in breast milk. J Clin Pharmacol 1995; 37:186-192.

9. Patrick MJ , Tistone WJ , Reavey P . Diazepam and breastfeeding. Lancet 1973; 1:542-543.

10. Anderson PO , McGuire G . Neonatal alprazolam withdrawal: Possible effects of breastfeeding [letter]. DICP Ann Pharmacother 1989; 23:614-614.

11. Wretlind M . Excretion of oxazepam in breast milk. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1987; 33:209-210.

12. Summerfield RJ , Nielsen MS . Excretion of lorazepam into breast milk [letter]. Br J Anaesth 1985; 57:1042-1043.

13. McBride RJ , Dundee JW , Moore J , et al. A study of plasma concentrations of lorazepam in mother and neonate. Br J Anaesth 1979; 51:971-971.

14. Whitelaw AGL , Cummings AJ , McFadyn IR . Effect of maternal lorazepam on the neonate. Br Med J 1981; 282:1106-1106.

15. Hilbert JM , Gural RP , Symchowicz S , et al. Excretion of quazepam into human breast milk. J Clin Pharmacol 1984; 24:457-462.

16. Matheson I , Lunde PKM , Bredsen JE . Midazolam and nitrazepam in the maternity ward: Milk concentrations and clinical effects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30:787-793.

17. Pons G , Rey E , Matheson I . Excretion of psychoactive drugs into breast milk. Pharmacokinetic principles and recommendations. Clin Pharmacokinet 1994; 27(4):270-289.

18. Breimer DD . Clinical pharmacokinetics of hypnotics. Clin Pharmacokinet 1977; 2:93-109.

19. Kuhnz W , Koch S , Helge H , Nau H . Primidone and phenobarbital during lactation period in epileptic women: Total and free drug serum levels in the nursed infants and their effects on neonatal behavior. Dev Pharmacol Ther 1988; 11:147-154.

20. Nau H , Kuhnz W , Egger J , Rating D , Helge H . Anticonvulsants during pregnancy and lactation: Transplacental, maternal and neonatal pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 1982; 7:508-543.

21. Tyson RM , Shrader EA , Perlman HH . Drugs transmitted through breast milk: Barbiturates. J Pediatr 1938; 14:86-90.

22. Knott C , Reynolds F , Clayden G . Infantile spasms on weaning from breast milk-containing anticonvulsants. Lancet 1987; 2:272-273.

23. Kochenour NK , Emery MG . Drugs in lactating women. Obstet Gynecol Ann 1981; 10:107-126.

24. Wilson JT , Brown RD , Cherek DR , Dailey JW , Hilman B , Jobe PC , et al. Drug excretion in human breast milk: Principles, pharmacokinetics and projected consequences. Clin Pharmacokinet 1980; 5:1-66.

25. Briggs GG , Freeman RK , Yaffe SJ . Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk, 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1994.

26. Obrien TE . Excretion of drugs into human milk. Am J Hosp Pharm 1974; 31:844-854.

27. Garrison JC . Histamine, bradykinin, 5-hydroxytryptamine and their antagonists. In: Gilman AG , Rall TW , Nies AS , Taylor P . Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 8th ed. New York: Pergamon, 1990:575-599.

28. Anderson PO . Drug use during breast-feeding. Clin Pharm 1991; 10:594-624.

29. Pons G , Francoual C , Guillet P , et al. Zolpedim excretion in breast milk. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 27:245-248.

30. Bernstine JB , Meyer AE , Bernstine RL . Maternal blood and breast milk estimation following the administration of chloral hydrate during the peurperium. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 1956; 63:228-231.

31. Lacey JH . Dichloralphenazone and breast milk [letter]. Br Med J 1971; 4:684-684.

32. Curry SH , Riddall D , Gordon JS , et al. Disposition of glutethimide in man. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1971; 12:849-857.

33. Rall TW : Hypnotics and Sedatives, Ethanol. In: Gilman AG , Rall TW , Nies AS , Taylor P . Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 8th ed. New York: Pergamon, 1990:345-382.