The concentration of the anticarcinogenic fatty acid, 9c, lIt-1 8:2, in human milk was determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The mean concentration of 20 samples from 5 women taken at 1, 7, 14, and 21 days was: 0.18% + 0.02; range, 0.14-0.28%. Identity was confirmed by GLC-mass spectrometry (MS). Conjugated isomers other than 9c, 1 lt-18:2 were not detected. The amounts were not changed by supplementation of the maternal diet with fish oil beginning on day 1 after the milk sample was taken.
1. Ha YL, Grimm NK, Pariza MW. Anticarcinogens from fried ground beef: Heat-altered derivatives of linoleic acid. Carcinogenesis1987; 8:1881-1887.
2.
2. Ip C, Singh M, Thompson HJ, Scimeca JA. Conjugated linoleic acid suppresses mammary-carcinogenesis and proliferative activity of the mammary gland in the rat. Cancer Res1994; 54:1212-1215.
3.
3. Lee KS, Kritchevsky D, Pariza MW. Conjugated linoleic acid and atherosclerosis in rabbits. Atherosclerosis1994; 108:19-25.
4.
4. Ha YL, Storkson JM, Pariza MW. Inhibition of benzo (a) pyrene induced mouse forestomach neoplasia by conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid. Cancer Res1990; 50:1097-1101.
5.
5. Chin SF, Liu W, Storkson JM, Ha YL, Pariza MW. Dietary sources of conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid, A newly recognized class of anticarcinogens. J Food Comp Anal1994; 5:185-197.
6.
6. Fogerty AC, Ford GL, Svoronos D. Octadeca-9, 1 1-dienoic acid in foodstuffs and in the lipids of human blood and breast milk. Nutr Rep Intl1988; 38:937-944.
7.
7. McGuire MK, Park Y, Behre RS, Harrison LY, Shultz TD, McGuire MA. Conjugated linoleic acid concentrations of human milk and infant formula. Nutr Res1997; 17:1277-1283.
8.
8. Parodi PW. Conjugated linoleic acid: An anticarcinogenic fatty acid present in milk fat. Austral J Dairy Tech1994; 49:93-97.
9.
9. Belury MA. Conjugated dienoic linoleate; A polyunsaturated fatty acid with unique chemoprotective properties. Nutr Rev1995; 53:83-89.
10.
10. Chardigny MM, Sebedio I-L, Berdeaux O. Trans polyunsaturated fatty acids: Occurrence and nutritional implications. In: Padley FB, ed. Advances in Applied Lipid Research, Padley FB, Greenwich, CT; JAI Press, 1996:1-33.
11.
11. Jensen RG. The lipids in human milk. Prog Lipid Res1996; 35:53-92.
12.
12. Shultz TD, Chew BP, Seaman WR. Differential stimulating and inhibitory responses of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells to linoleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in culture. Anticancer Res1992; 12:2143-2146.
13.
13. Miller CC, Park Y, Pariza MW, Cook ME. Feeding conjugated linoleic acid to animals partially overcomes catabolic responses due to endotoxin injection. Biochem Biophy Res Commun1994; 198:1107-1112.
14.
14. Chin SF, Storkson JM, Albright KJ, Cook ME, Pariza MW. Conjugated linoleic acid is a growth factor for rats as shown by enhanced weight gain and improved food efficiency. J Nutr1994; 124:2344-2349.
15.
15. Cook ME, Miller CC, Park Y, Pariza MW. Immune modulation by altered nutrient metabolism: Nutritional control of immune induced growth depression. Poultry Sci1993; 72:1301-1305.
16.
16. Henderson RA, Jensen RG, Lammi-Keefe CJ, Ferris AM, Dardick KR. Effect of fish oil on the fatty acid composition of human milk and maternal and infant erythrocytes. Lipids1992; 27:863-869.
17.
17. Norusia MJ. Advanced statistics V2.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, 1988.
18.
18. Nichols PL Jr, Herb SF, Riemenschneider RW. Isomers of conjugated fatty acids. I Alkali isomerized linoleic acid. J Am oil Chem. Soc. 1951; 73:247-252.
19.
19. Schneider WJ, Gast LE, Teeter HM. A convenient laboratory method for preparing trans, trans-9, 11-octadecadienoic acid. J Am Oil Chem Soc1964; 41:605-606.
20.
20. Scholfield CR. Argentation high performance liquid chromatography of methyl esters. J Am Oil Chem Soc1980; 57; 331-334.
21.
21. Park YS, Behre RA, McGuire MA, Schultz TD, McGuire MK. Fed, Proc. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and CLA in human milk. 1997; 11:1387-1387.
22.
22. Chin SF, Storkson JM, Liu W, Albright KJ, Pariza MW. Conjugated linoleic acid (9, 11-and 10,12-octadecadienoic acid) is produced in conventional but not germ free rats fed linoleic acid. J Nutr1994; 124:694-701.
