The Effect of a Device Developed for Flat or Inverted Nipples on Breastfeeding Success and the Time of Breastfeeding: A Randomized Controlled Study

Abstract

Background:

Mothers with flat or inverted nipples may have inadequate nipple protrusion, leading to infant latch difficulties and breastfeeding challenges. Although several approaches exist, their effectiveness varies.

Objective:

This randomized controlled study evaluated the effect of a newly developed Device for Flat or Inverted nipples (DFIN) on nipple length, the time for the infant to achieve latch, the duration of a single breastfeeding session, exclusive breastfeeding rates, and scores on the LATCH Assessment Tool.

Methods:

The study included 63 mother–infant pairs (DFIN group: n = 31; injector group: n = 32). The DFIN was applied in the experimental group, and the modified injector technique was applied in the control group. Measurements included nipple length, time taken to achieve latch, duration of a single breastfeeding session, and LATCH scores. Exclusive breastfeeding rates were monitored at birth and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months postpartum.

Results:

Nipple length increased by 3.58 ± 2.06 millimeters in the DFIN group and 1.64 ± 1.17 millimeters in the injector group. The time taken to achieve latch decreased significantly in the DFIN group. LATCH scores increased by 2.10 ± 3.00 in the DFIN group, whereas they decreased by 1.38 ± 4.72 in the injector group. Exclusive breastfeeding rates were consistently higher in the DFIN group at birth and the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, and 6th months postpartum (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The findings indicate that the DFIN improves nipple protrusion, shortens latch achievement time, enhances breastfeeding effectiveness, and supports sustained exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months postpartum.