Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Arabic Version of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form Among Women in the United Arab Emirates

Abstract

Arabic

Background:

Breastfeeding self-efficacy as a construct has been theoretically and empirically linked to exclusive breastfeeding in studies globally using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF). However, its application in the Middle East and North Africa region is limited, as it has not been validated.

Research Aims:

To psychometrically validate the BSES-SF among a sample of mothers in the United Arab Emirates.

Methods:

We psychometrically evaluated the Arabic version of the BSES-SF using a sample of mothers (N = 457) residing in the United Arab Emirates. We used translation techniques, item-test and item-total correlations, confirmatory factor analysis, tests of reliability, and tests of validity.

Results:

Item-test correlations of scale items ranged from 0.67 to 0.84, while item-total correlations ranged from 0.58 to 0.81. The confirmatory factor model assessed the 14-item scale to be unidimensional with satisfactory model fit indices. Our findings suggested the Arabic-language version of the BSES-SF was a reliable measure (α = 0.95) with strong construct and discriminant validity. BSES-SF scores significantly predicted exclusive breastfeeding (aOR = 1.04; 95% CI [1.02, 1.08]) and exclusive duration (β = .06; 95% CI [0.4, 0.08]), which suggested strong predictive, validity after adjusting for parity, maternal age, maternal education, and study site.

Conclusions:

We have provided rigorous evidence that the BSES-SF is a valid and reliable measure of breastfeeding self-efficacy among Arabic-speaking women in the UAE. Interventions designed specifically to increase breastfeeding self-efficacy among Arabic-speaking women may be a mechanism to increase the suboptimal rates of breastfeeding exclusivity occurring in much of the MENA region.

Keywords

breastfeeding breastfeeding assessment breastfeeding promotion Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale–Short Form maternal behavior psychometric evaluation self-efficacy United Arab Emirates

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Alzaheb

R. A.

(2017). A review of the factors associated with the timely initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding in the Middle East. Clinical Medicine Insights: Pediatrics, 11,1–15, https://doi.org/10.1177/1179556517748912

Awaliyah

S. N.

Rachmawati

I. N.

Rahmah

(2019). Breastfeeding self-efficacy as a dominant factor affecting maternal breastfeeding satisfaction. BMC Nursing, 18(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0359-6

Bandura

(1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191

Bayyenat

Ghazizade Hashemi

S. A.

Purbaferani

Saeidi

Khodaee

G. H.

(2014). The importance of breastfeeding in Holy Quran. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2(4.1), 339–347. http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3396.html

Bentler

P. M.

Bonett

D. G.

(1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588–606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588

Bergua

Meillon

Potvin

Bouisson

Le Goff

Rouaud

Ritchie

Dartigues

Amieva

(2012). The STAI-Y trait scale: Psychometric properties and normative data from a large population-based study of elderly people. International Psychogeriatrics, 24(7), 1163–1171. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610212000300

Boateng

G. O.

Neilands

T. B.

Frongillo

E. A.

Melgar-Quiñonez

H. R.

Young

S. L.

(2018). Best practices for developing and validating scales for health social and behavioral research: A primer. Frontiers in Public Health, 6, 149. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149

Brockway

Benzies

Hayden

K. A.

(2017). Interventions to improve breastfeeding self-efficacy and resultant breastfeeding rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Human Lactation, 33(3), 486–499. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334417707957

Brown

T. A.

(2014). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guildford Press.

10.

Browne

M. W.

Cudeck

(1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In Bollen

K. A.

Long

J. S.

(Eds.), Testing Structural Equation Models, (pp. 136–162). Sage publications.

11.

Cox

J. L.

Holden

J. M.

Sagovsky

(1987). Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 150(6), 782–786. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.150.6.782

12.

Creedy

D. K.

Dennis

Blyth

Moyle

Pratt

De Vries

S. M.

(2003). Psychometric characteristics of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale: Data from an Australian sample. Research in Nursing & Health, 26(2), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.10073

13.

Cronbach

L. J.

(1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555

14.

Dennis

(1999). Theoretical underpinnings of breastfeeding confidence: A self-efficacy framework. Journal of Human Lactation, 15(3), 195–201. https://doi.org/10.1177/089033449901500303

15.

Dennis

(2003). The breastfeeding self-efficacy scale: Psychometric assessment of the short form. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 32(6), 734–744. https://doi.org/10.1177/0884217500325845z

16.

Dennis

Faux

(1999). Development and psychometric testing of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Research in Nursing & Health, 22(5), 399–409. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199910)22:5<399::aid-nur6>3.0.co;2-4

17.

Economou

Kolokotroni

Paphiti-Demetriou

Kouta

Lambrinou

Hadjigeorgiou

Hadjiona

Middleton

(2021). The association of breastfeeding self-efficacy with breastfeeding duration and exclusivity: Longitudinal assessment of the predictive validity of the Greek version of the BSES-SF tool. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03878-3

18.

Bentler

P. M.

(1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

19.

Yeung

Choi

Chair

Dennis

(2012). Translation and validation of the Hong Kong Chinese version of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale—short form. Research in Nursing & Health, 35(5), 450–459. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21493

20.

Kim

S. K.

Park

Kim

Ahn

(2018). Interventions promoting exclusive breastfeeding up to six months after birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 80, 94–105. https://doi.org/j.ijnurstu.2018.01.004

21.

Lau

C. Y.

Lok

K. Y.

Tarrant

(2018). Breastfeeding duration and the theory of planned behavior and breastfeeding self-efficacy framework: A systematic review of observational studies. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 22(3), 327–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-018-2453-x

22.

Lee

Kelleher

S. L.

(2016). Biological underpinnings of breastfeeding challenges: The role of genetics, diet, and environment on lactation physiology. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 311(2), E405–E422. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00495.2015

23.

McCarter–Spaulding

D. E.

Dennis

C. L.

(2010). Psychometric testing of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale–short form in a sample of black women in the United States. Research in nursing & health, 33(2), 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20368

24.

Molina Torres

Dávila Torres

R. R.

Parrilla Rodríguez

A. M.

Dennis

(2003). Translation and validation of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale into Spanish: Data from a Puerto Rican population. Journal of Human Lactation, 19(1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334402239732

25.

Naylor

A. J.

(2001). Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. Protecting, promoting, and supporting breastfeeding in the twenty-first century. The Pediatric Clinics of North America, 48(2), 475–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(08)70039-7

26.

Nunally

J. C.

Bernstein

(1994). Psychometric Theory, (3rd Ed). McGraw Hill Humanities.

27.

Oliver-Roig

d’Anglade-González

M. L.

García-García

Silva-Tubio

J. R.

Richart-Martínez

Dennis

C. L.

(2012). The Spanish version of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale-short form: reliability and validity assessment. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 49(2), 169–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.08.005

28.

Raykov

Marcoulides

G. A.

(2011). Introduction to psychometric theory. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

29.

Taha

(2017). Trends of breastfeeding in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Arab Journal of Nutrition and Exercise, 2(3), 152–159. https://doi.org/10.18502/ajne.v2i3.1356

30.

Thurstone

L. L.

(1947). Multiple-factor analysis: A development and expansion of The Vectors of Mind. University of Chicago Press.

31.

Tokat

M. A.

Okumuş

Dennis

(2010). Translation and psychometric assessment of the Breast-feeding Self-Efficacy Scale—Short Form among pregnant and postnatal women in Turkey. Midwifery, 26(1), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2008.04.002

32.

Tucker

L. R.

Lewis

(1973). A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 38(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291170

33.

United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization, & UNAIDS. (2003). Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9241562218

34.

World Atlas. (2018). Arabic speaking countries. Retrieved April 12, 2021 from https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/arabic-speaking-countries.html

35.

World Health Organization. (2016). Breastfeeding. http://www.who.int/topics/breastfeeding/en/

36.

World Health Organization. (2020). Process of Translation and Adaptation of Instruments. https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/research_tools/translation/en/

37.

World Health Organization. (2021). Infant and Young Child Feeding. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-child-feeding

38.

Wutke

Dennis

(2007). The reliability and validity of the Polish version of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form: Translation and psychometric assessment. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44(8), 1439–1446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.08.001

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.00 MB

0.01 MB

0.02 MB