Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to measure changes in blood volume and the oxygenation state of breast tissue during breastfeeding with the use of near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS) as a noninvasive method. Forty breastfeeding mothers were divided into 2 groups in which measurements were made in the contralateral breast (group A) and in the ipsilateral breast (group B). The tissue concentrations of oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin and the hemoglobin oxygen saturation were measured in the breast by using TRS during a breastfeed. In both groups A and B, the values of all parameters decreased significantly after the start of breastfeeding compared with the pre-breastfeeding values. The values of all parameters fluctuated cyclically after the beginning of the breastfeed. Time-resolved spectroscopy is an effective noninvasive method for investigating the hemodynamics of the breast during breastfeeding. J Hum Lact. 24(4):415-421.

El propósito de este estudio fue la medición de los cambios en el volumen sanguíneo y laoxigenación del tejido mamario durante la lactancia con el uso de espectroscopia de resolución de tiempo (TRS) como método no invasivo. Cuarenta madres lactantes se dividieron en dos grupos donde se hicieron mediciones en el seno contralateral (grupo A) y en el mismo seno (grup B). Se midieron en el tejido concentraciones de oxihemoglobina, deoxihemoglobina y hemoglobina total y saturación de oxígeno en hemoglobina a través del uso de TRS durante la lactancia. En ambos grupos A y B, los valores de todos los parámetros disminuyeron significativamente después del comienzo de la lactancia comparado con los valores antes de la lactancia. Los valores de todos los parámetros fluctuaron cíclicamente después del principio de la lactancia. El TRS en un método no invasivo efectivo para investigar la hemodinámica del seno durante la lactancia.

Keywords

near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy breastfeeding lactation breast hemodynamics secretion of milk

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Hamosh M. , Peterson JA , Henderson TR , et al. Protective function of human milk: the milk fat globule. Semin Perinatol. 1999;23:242-249.

Kosfeld M. , Heinrichs M. , Zak PJ , Fischbacher U. , Fehr E. Oxytocin increases trust in humans. Nature. 2005;435:673-676.

Blackburn ST Postpartum period and lactation physiology. In: Ledbetter MS , Muench LK , eds. Maternal Fetal & Neonatal Physiology: A Clinical Perspective . 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Science; 2003:158-179.

Cobo E. , De Bernal MM , Gaitan E. , Quintero CA Neurohypophyseal hormone release in the human. II. Experimental study during lactation. Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1967;97:519-529.

Lucas A. , Drewett RB , Mitchell MD Breast-feeding and plasma oxytocin concentrations. Br Med J. 1980;281:834-835.

Weitzman RE , Leake RD , Rubin RT , Fisher DA The effect of nursing on neurohypophyseal hormone and prolactin secretion in human subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1980;51:836-839.

Ramsay DT , Kent JC , Owens RA , Hartmann PE Ultrasound imaging of milk ejection in the breast of lactating women. Pediatrics. 2004; 113:361-367.

Janbu T. , Koss KS , Thoresen M. , Wesche J. Blood velocities to the female breast during lactation and following oxytocin injections. J Dev Physiol. 1985;7:373-380.

Durduran T. , Choe R. , Culver JP , et al. Bulk optical properties of healthy female breast tissue. Phys Med Biol. 2002;47:2847-2861.

10.

Shah N. , Cerussi AE , Jakubowski D. , Hsiang D. , Butler J. , Tromberg BJ Spatial variations in optical and physiological properties of healthy breast tissue. J Biomed Opt. 2004;9:534-540.

11.

Srinivasan S. , Pogue BW , Jiang S. , et al. Interpreting hemoglobin and water concentration, oxygen saturation, and scattering measured in vivo by near-infrared breast tomography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:12349-12354.

12.

Suzuki K. , Yamashita Y. , Ohta K. , Kaneko M. , Yoshida M. , Chance BJ Quantitative measurement of optical parameters in normal breasts using time-resolved spectroscopy: in vivo results of 30 Japanese women. J Biomed Opt. 1996;1:330-334.

13.

Cerussi AE , Berger AJ , Bevilacqua F. , et al. Sources of absorption and scattering contrast for near-infrared optical mammography. Acad Radiol. 2001;8:211-218.

14.

Pogue BW , Poplack SP , McBride TO , et al. Quantitative hemoglobin tomography with diffuse near-infrared spectroscopy: pilot results in the breast. Radiology (Easton, Pa). 2001;218:261-266.

15.

Shah N. , Cerussi A. , Eker C. , et al. Noninvasive functional optical spectroscopy of human breast tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98:4420-4425.

16.

Kusaka T. , Hisamatsu Y. , Kawada K. , et al. Measurement of cerebral optical pathlength as a function of oxygenation using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy in a piglet model of hypoxia. Optical Rev. 2003;10:466-469.

17.

Ijichi S. , Kusaka T. , Isobe K. , et al. Quantification of cerebral hemoglobin as a function of oxygenation using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy in a piglet model of hypoxia . J Biomed Opt. 2005;10:24-26.

18.

Ijichi S. , Kusaka T. , Isobe K. , et al. Developmental changes of optical properties in neonates determined by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. Pediatric Research . 2005;58:568-573.

19.

Beauvoit B. , Kitai T. , Chance B. Contribution of the mitochondrial compartment to the optical properties of the rat liver: a theoretical and practical approach . Biophys J. 1994;67:2501-2510.

20.

Thomsen S. , Tatman D. Physiological and pathological factors of human breast disease that can influence optical diagnosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998;838:171-193.

21.

Ramsay DT , Mitoulas LR , Kent JC , Larsson M. , Hartmann PE The use of ultrasound to characterize milk ejection in women using an electric breast pump. J Hum Lact. 2005;21(4):421-428.

22.

Liebert A. , Wabnitz H. , Grosenick D. , Macdonald R. Fiber dispersion in time domain measurements compromising the accuracy of determination of optical properties of strongly scattering media. J Biomed Opt. 2003;8:512-516.

23.

Oda M. , Yamashita Y. , Nakano T. , et al. Near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy system for tissue oxygenation monitor. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. 1999;3597:611-617.

24.

Patterson MS , Chance B. , Wilson B. Time resolved reflectance and transmittance for the non-invasive measurement of optical properties. Appl Opt. 1989;289:2331-2336.

25.

van Veen RL , Sterenborg HJ , Pifferi A. , Torricelli A. , Chikoidze E. , Cubeddu R. Determination of visible near-IR absorption coefficients of mammalian fat using time- and spatially resolved diffuse reflectance and transmission spectroscopy . J Biomed Opt. 2005; 10:054004.

26.

Bolin PF , Preuss LE , Taylor RC , Ference RJ Refractive index of some mammalian tissues using a fiber optic cladding method . Appl Opt. 1989;28:2297-2303.

27.

McNeilly AS , Robinson IC , Houston MJ , Howie PW Release of oxytocin and prolactin in response to suckling. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) . 1983;286:257-259.

28.

Blaicher W. , Gruber D. , Bieglmayer C. , Blaicher AM , Knogler W. , Huber JC The role of oxytocin in relation to female sexual arousal. Gynecol Obstet Invest . 1999 ;47:125-126.

Changes in Breast Hemodynamics in Breastfeeding Mothers

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References