Public Policy to Support the Health of Caregivers in the Workforce

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Aging workers data and statistics. Aging. 2025. Published May 30. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/aging/data-research/index.html#cdc_facts_stats_trends-full-time-older-workers Accessed 11 January 2026.

Council on Aging . Supporting Working Caregivers. Council on Aging. Published February 21, 2025. https://www.help4seniors.org/programs-services/caregiver-support/working-caregivers/ Accessed 11 January 2026.

Chari AV Engberg J Ray KN Mehrotra A . The opportunity costs of informal elder-care in the United States: new estimates from the American time use survey. Health Serv Res. 2015;50:871-882. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12238

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . About Chronic Diseases. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published October 4, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/chronic-disease/about/index.html

Horowitz JM . More than Half of Americans in Their 40s are “Sandwiched” Between an Aging Parent and Their Own Children. Pew Research Center. Published April 8, 2022. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/04/08/more-than-half-of-americans-in-their-40s-are-sandwiched-between-an-aging-parent-and-their-own-children/

Chodzko-Zajko WJ Proctor DN Fiatarone Singh MA , et al. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(7):1510-1530. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181a0c95c

Wiley TMP Poirier P Burke LE , et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;143(21):984-1010. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000973

National Cancer Institute . Obesity and Cancer. National Cancer Institute. Published 2022. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Obesity and Severe Obesity Prevalence in Adults: United States, August 2021–August 2023. CDC.gov. Published September 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db508.htm

Wagner M Grodstein F . Patterns of lifestyle behaviours from mid- through later-life in relation to exceptional episodic memory performance in older women: the nurses’ health study. Age Ageing. 2022;51(5):afac102. doi:10.1093/ageing/afac102

Hagger-Johnson G Carr E Murray E , et al. Association between midlife health behaviours and transitions out of employment from midlife to early old age: Whitehall II cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):82. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3970-4. Published 2017 Jan 17.

Missikpode C Michael YL Wallace RB . Midlife occupational physical activity and risk of disability later in life: national health and aging trends study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016;64(5):1120-1127. doi:10.1111/jgs.14083

Imboden MT Moseley K . Boosting business and health: the case for workplace physical activity. Am J Health Promot. 2025;39(7):1082-1084. doi:10.1177/08901171251357127

Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) . Paid Parental Leave: Big Differences for Mothers and Fathers. OECD. Published 2024. https://www.oecd.org/en/blogs/2023/01/Paid-parental-leave--Big-differences-for-mothers-and-fathers.html Accessed 15 January 2026.

U.S. Department of Labor . The effects of FMLA eligibility and awareness on family leave-taking. Worker leave analysis and simulation series. 2017. https://www.dol.gov/resource-library/effects-fmla-eligibility-and-awareness-family-leave-taking-issue-brief Accessed 11 January 2026.

Dammann CEL Montez K Mathur M , et al. Paid family and medical leave: policy statement. Pediatrics. 2024;154(5):e2024068958. doi:10.1542/peds.2024-068958

U.S. Office of Personnel Management . Dependent Care FSA - FSAFEDS. Fsafeds.gov. https://www.fsafeds.gov/explore/dcfsa Accessed 12 February 2026.

National Family Caregiver Support Program (Older Americans Act Amendments of 2006). Brain Injury Association of America. Published June 28, 2022. https://biausa.org/public-affairs/public-policy/national-family-caregiver-support-program-older-americans-act Accessed January 11, 2026.

RAISE Family Caregivers Act Initial Report to Congress . ACL Administration for Community Living. acl.gov. https://acl.gov/RAISE/report Accessed 11 January 2026.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission . Employer Best Practices for Workers with Caregiving Responsibilities. U.S. Eeoc.gov. Published April 22, 2009. https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/employer-best-practices-workers-caregiving-responsibilities

U.S. Office of Personnel Management . Family resources for federal employees. 2026. Published 2019. https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/worklife/dependent-care/ Accessed 11 January 2026.

Sarbanes JP . H.R.1722 - 111th congress (2009-2010): telework enhancement act of 2010. 2026. Published December 9, 2010. https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1722 Accessed January 11, 2026.

Serving Those Who Serve . Federal benefits every caregiver should know about, 2025. Published January 15. https://stwserve.com/federal-benefits-every-caregiver-should-know-about/ Accessed January 11, 2026.

U.S. Department of Labor . Family and Medical Leave Act. Dol.gov. Published 2025. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fmla

State of South Carolina Department of Administration . Parental Leave | Department of Administration. Sc.gov. Published 2022. https://admin.sc.gov/services/state-human-resources/benefits-leave/parental-leave

State of Georgia Department of Administrative Services . Paid Parental Leave. doas.ga.gov; 2024. https://doas.ga.gov/human-resources-administration/paid-parental-leave

National Conference of State Legislatures . State Family and Medical Leave Laws. NCSL. Published August 21, 2024. https://www.ncsl.org/labor-and-employment/state-family-and-medical-leave-laws Accessed 11 January 2026.

New York State . Paid Family Leave for Family Care. Paid Family Leave. https://paidfamilyleave.ny.gov/paid-family-leave-family-care Accessed 11 January 2026.

California Employment Development Department . California Paid Family Leave. edd.ca.gov. https://edd.ca.gov/en/disability/paid-family-leave/ Accessed 11 January 2026.

Colorado Department of Labor and Employment . Family and medical leave insurance. https://famli.colorado.gov/ Accessed 11 January 2026.

Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development . Minnesota paid leave. Published October 27, 2025. https://pl.mn.gov/ Accessed 11 January 2026.