DavisHEAssafGSMcCorkellL, et al.Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;38:101019.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. A Long COVID Definition: A Chronic, Systemic Disease State with Profound Consequences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2024. doi:10.17226/27768
4.
Institute of Medicine. The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2004. doi:10.17226/11026
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Toward a Common Research Agenda in Infection-Associated Chronic Illnesses: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2024. doi:10.17226/27462
TallaAVasaikarSVSzetoGL, et al.Persistent serum protein signatures define an inflammatory subcategory of long COVID. Nat Commun. 2023;14:3417.
9.
GentilottiEGórskaATamiA, et al.Clinical phenotypes and quality of life to define post-COVID-19 syndrome: a cluster analysis of the multinational, prospective ORCHESTRA cohort. eClinicalMedicine. 2023;62:102107.
10.
KitsiosGDBlackaSJacobsJJ, et al.Subphenotypes of self-reported symptoms and outcomes in long COVID: a prospective cohort study with latent class analysis. BMJ Open. 2024;14:e077869.
11.
FronteraJAThorpeLESimonNM, et al.Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 symptom phenotypes and therapeutic strategies: a prospective, observational study. PLoS One. 2022;17:e0275274.
12.
Institute of Medicine. Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2015. doi:10.17226/19012
13.
LilesEGIrvingSADandamudiPD, et al.Classification accuracy and description of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome in an integrated healthcare system, 2006-2017. Perm J. 2024;23:170.
DavisHEMcCorkellLVogelJMTopolEJ. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023;21:133-146.
16.
Al-AlyZDavisHMcCorkellL, et al.Long COVID science, research and policy. Nat Med. 2024;30:2148-2164.
17.
AllenMERusVSzetoGL. Leveraging heterogeneity in systemic lupus erythematosus for new therapies. Trends Mol Med. 2021;27:152-171.
18.
UngerERLinJMSChenY, et al.Heterogeneity in measures of illness among patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is not explained by clinical practice: a study in seven U.S. specialty clinics. J Clin Med. 2024;13:1369.
19.
VogelJMPollackBSpierE, et al.Designing and optimizing clinical trials for long COVID. Life Sci. 2024;355:122970.