Physical Activity and Brain Health: Integrating the Evidence Base into Workplace Health Promotion

US Department of Health and Human Services . Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. 2nd ed. Washington, DC; 2018. https://health.gov/paguidelines/second-edition/pdf/Physical_Activity_Guidelines_2nd_edition.pdf

Erickson KI Hillman C Stillman CM , et al. Physical activity, cognition, and brain outcomes: a review of the 2018 physical activity guidelines. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51:1242-1251. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001936.

Omura JD Brown DR McGuire LC Taylor CA Fulton JE Carlson SA . Cross-sectional association between physical activity level and subjective cognitive decline among US adults aged >/=45 years, 2015. Prev Med. 2020;141:106279. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106279

Brain and body are more intertwined than we knew. Nature. 2023;623:223-224. doi: 10.1038/d41586-023-03435-2

Carson V Hunter S Kuzik N , et al. Systematic review of physical activity and cognitive development in early childhood. J Sci Med Sport. 2016;19:573-578. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2015.07.011.

Bretland RJ Thorsteinsson EB . Reducing workplace burnout: the relative benefits of cardiovascular and resistance exercise. PeerJ. 2015;3:e891. doi:10.7717/peerj.891.

Hagberg LA Lindahl B Nyberg L Hellenius ML . Importance of enjoyment when promoting physical exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2009;19:740-747. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00844.x.

Hagger M Chatzisarantis N . The Social Psychology of Exercise and Sport. UK: McGraw-Hill Education; 2005.

Vieten C Sprengel M Lubarsky O Mansoor R Niebauer E . Move Your Mental Health Report. In: John W. Brick Mental Health Foundation; 2022.

Kantawala B Ramadan N Hassan Y , et al. Physical activity intervention for the prevention of neurological diseases. Health Sci Rep. 2023;6:e1524. doi:10.1002/hsr2.1524.

Anderson E Durstine JL . Physical activity, exercise, and chronic diseases: a brief review. Sports Med Health Sci. 2019;1:3-10. doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2019.08.006.

Pronk NP Crouse SF Rohack JJ . Maximal exercise and acute mood response in women. Physiol Behav. 1995;57:1-4. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)00195-b.

Kekalainen T Luchetti M Terracciano A , et al. Physical activity and cognitive function: moment-to-moment and day-to-day associations. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2023;20:137. doi:10.1186/s12966-023-01536-9.

Ratey J . Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain. New York: Little, Brown and Company; 2008.

Cunningham C O’ Sullivan R Caserotti P Tully MA . Consequences of physical inactivity in older adults: a systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020;30:816-827. doi:10.1111/sms.13616.

Livingston G Huntley J Sommerlad A , et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2020;396:413-446. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6.

National Plan to Address Alzheimer’s Disease: 2021 Update. Washington, DC. US Department of Health and Human Services; 2021.

De la Rosa A Olaso-Gonzalez G Arc-Chagnaud C , et al. Physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. J Sport Health Sci. 2020;9:394-404. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.01.004.

Iso-Markku P Kujala UM Knittle K Polet J Vuoksimaa E Waller K . Physical activity as a protective factor for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: systematic review, meta-analysis and quality assessment of cohort and case-control studies. Br J Sports Med. 2022;56:701-709. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2021-104981.

Blondell SJ Hammersley-Mather R Veerman JL . Does physical activity prevent cognitive decline and dementia? A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:510. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-510.

Lopez-Bueno R Yang L Stamatakis E Del Pozo Cruz B . Moderate and vigorous leisure time physical activity in older adults and Alzheimer’s disease-related mortality in the USA: a dose-response, population-based study. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2023;4:e703-e710. doi:10.1016/S2666-7568(23)00212-X.

Saunders D Sanderson M Hayes S , et al. Physical fitness training for stroke patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;3:CD003316.

Fritz NE Rao AK Kegelmeyer D , et al. Physical therapy and exercise interventions in Huntington’s disease: a mixed methods systematic review. J Huntingtons Dis. 2017;6:217-235. doi:10.3233/JHD-170260.

Ernst M Folkerts AK Gollan R , et al. Physical exercise for people with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;1:CD013856. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013856.pub2.

Rietberg MB Brooks D Uitdehaag BM Kwakkel G . Exercise therapy for multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;2005:CD003980. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003980.pub2.

Whitsel LP Huneycutt F Anderson DR , et al. Physical activity surveillance in the United States for work and commuting: understanding the impact on population health and well-being. J Occup Environ Med. 2021;63:1037-1051. doi:10.1097/JOM.0000000000002305.

Quinn TD Yorio PL Smith PM Seo Y Whitfield GP Barone Gibbs B . Occupational physical activity and cardiovascular disease in the United States. Occup Environ Med. 2021;78:724. doi:10.1136/oemed-2020-106948.

Whitsel LP Ablah E Pronk NP , et al. Physical activity promotion in the evolving work landscape. Am J Health Promot. 2023;37:723-730. doi:10.1177/08901171231172013b.

Frequently Asked Questions about Medical Expenses Related to Nutrition, Wellness, and General Health. Washington, DC: Internal Revenue Service; 2023.

Ablah E Lemon SC Pronk NP , et al. Worksite policies for promoting physical activity. Am J Health Promot. 2019;33:314-315. doi:10.1177/0890117118816750c.