Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Predictive Utility of Psychosocial Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions

Abstract

Purpose

To test whether the impact of subjective norms, race/ethnicity-specific descriptive norms, vaccine conspiracy beliefs, and prosocial concern on COVID-19 vaccination intentions differs by race/ethnicity for young adults.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

May-August 2021 in Texas.

Subjects

Racially/ethnically diverse unvaccinated college students (N = 314).

Measures

COVID-19 vaccination intentions, theory-driven constructs (eg, perceived susceptibility), vaccine conspiracy beliefs, prosocial concern, and social norms.

Analysis

Block-sequential multiple Tobit regression.

Results

Results revealed three significant two-way interactions between race/ethnicity and (1) subjective norms, F (5, 251) = 2.28, P < .05; (2) COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy beliefs, F (5, 251) = 2.88, P < .05; and (3) prosocial concern, F (5, 251) = 2.61, P < .05. There was a positive association between subjective norms and intentions for European and African Americans, a positive association between prosocial concerns and intentions for European and multiracial/multiethnic Americans, and a negative association between conspiracy beliefs and intention for Hispanics. The interaction between race/ethnicity and race/ethnicity-specific descriptive norms was not significant, F (5, 251) = 1.09, P = .37.

Conclusion

Although based on a relatively small sample, our findings suggest the importance of culturally tailoring COVID-19 vaccination messages to correct conspiracy beliefs, signaling a positive subjective norm, and enhancing prosocial concerns for specific racial-ethnic groups.

Keywords

COVID-19 vaccination race ethnicity college students social norms prosocial concern conspiracy beliefs

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