Joint Association of Diabetes and Physical Activity With Falls Among Midlife and Older Adults: 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Abstract

Purpose

We examined joint associations of diabetes and physical activity (PA) with falls.

Design

Complex survey (cross-sectional) design using the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (Response rate was 53% (landline phones) and 46% (cellular phones)).

Setting

National survey in the U.S.

Subjects

Adults ≥45 years who self-reported diabetes status, PA, and falls (n = 295,282; 98.5% of eligible samples; N = 130,103,093) were classified into 4 groups: no diabetes–PA, no diabetes–no PA, diabetes–PA, diabetes–no PA.

Measures

Self-reported PA, diabetes, falls, and major health characteristics.

Analysis

Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association of groups with any (≥1 fall) falls.

Results

Compared to no diabetes–active groups, no diabetes–inactive (Relative Risk (RR) = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.26), diabetes–active (RR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.30), and diabetes–inactive (RR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.51) groups were more likely to report falls, independent of tested covariates.

Conclusions

Leisure-time PA may mitigate the likelihood of falls in adults with and without diabetes. Our findings could be useful for healthcare providers or clinicians to promote the importance of PA in midlife and older adults who are at risk of falls and/or diabetes. More detailed longitudinal information on objectively-estimated PA and a more frequent fall calendar are warranted to prevent recall bias and temporal ambiguity (causality between PA and falls).