This study aimed to explore the psychological cognitive factors of weight management during pregnancy based on protective motivation theory (PMT).
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting
Participants were recruited at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
Sample
A sample of 533 pregnant women was enrolled in the study.
Measures
Measures was a self-design questionnaire, comprising of demographics, cognition of weight management during pregnancy, and weight management behavior during pregnancy.
Analysis
Structural equation modeling was used to examine the weight management’s cognitive factors, path relationships, and the influence of maternal characteristics.
Results
Self-efficacy cognition could promote gestational weight management behavior (b = .22, P < .001), but response cost cognition hindered gestational weight management (b = −.21, P < .001). Parity moderated pregnant women’s self-efficacy cognition (diff b = .24, P < .01), where the self-efficacy of nullipara promoted weight management behaviors, but the self-efficacy of multipara had no significant effect. Also, the response cost factors stably existed in primipara and multipara groups, with multipara, being positively affected by response efficacy (b = .15, P < .05).
Conclusion
Findings highlight the need for psychological and cognitive interventions. Intervention strategies that focus on enabling women to correctly understand response cost and make an active response, improve self-efficacy cognition especially among primipara, and strengthening multipara’s response efficacy among pregnant are required.
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