The Study of Dietary Patterns: Righting the Remedies

Newman T . Why is nutrition so hard to study? Medical News Today. Published 2020. Accessed May 24, 2021. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/why-is-nutrition-so-hard-to-study

Katz DL . The Truth About Food: Why Pandas Eat Bamboo and People Get Bamboozled. Dystel & Goderich Literary Management. 2018.

Ioannidis JP . The challenge of reforming nutritional epidemiologic research. JAMA. 2018;320(10):969. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.11025

Hébert JR Frongillo EA Adams SA , et al. Perspective: randomized controlled trials are not a panacea for diet-related research. Adv Nutr. 2016;7(3):423–432. doi:10.3945/an.115.011023

The EAT-Lancet Commission on Food, Planet, Health. EAT. Published 2019. Accessed May 24, 2021. https://eatforum.org/eat-lancet-commission/

Katz DL . Life and death, knowledge and power: why knowing what matters is not what’s the matter. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(15):1362. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.238

Frestedt JL . Similarities and difference between clinical trials for foods and drugs. Austin J Nut Food Sci. 2017;5(1). doi:10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2017.1086

Katz DL Pett KD Kahn J Willett WC . Ancel keys and the seven countries study: an evidence-based response to revisionist histories. True Health Initiative. Published 2017. Accessed May 2021. https://www.truehealthinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/SCS-White-Paper.THI_.8-1-17.pdf

Moss M . The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food. The New York Times. Published 2013. Accessed May 24, 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/24/magazine/the-extraordinary-science-of-junk-food.html

The Science. Diet ID. Accessed May 25, 2021. https://www.dietid.com/the-science

Whoriskey P . Why what we think about eating is so often wrong. The Washington Post. Published 2019. Accessed May 24, 2021. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/05/08/why-what-we-think-about-eating-is-so-often-unfounded-misconceived-or-flat-out-wrong/

de Lorgeril M Salen P Martin JL Monjaud I Delaye J Mamelle N . Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1999;99(6):779–785. doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.6.779

Knowler WC Barrett-Connor E Fowler SE , et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(6):393–403. doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512

Gardner CD Trepanowski JF Del Gobbo LC , et al. Effect of low-fat vs low-carbohydrate diet on 12-month weight loss in overweight adults and the association with genotype pattern or insulin secretion. JAMA. 2018;319(7):667. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.0245

Katz DL Karlsen MC Chung M , et al. Hierarchies of Evidence Applied to Lifestyle Medicine (HEALM): introduction of a strength-of-evidence approach based on a methodological systematic review. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2019;19(1):178. doi:10.1186/s12874-019-0811-z

Satija A Yu E Willett WC Hu FB . Understanding nutritional epidemiology and its role in policy. Adv Nutr. 2015;6(1):5–18. doi:10.3945/an.114.007492

Bazzano LA Hu T Reynolds K , et al. Effects of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(5):309. doi:10.7326/m14-0180

Qian F Riddle MC Wylie-Rosett J Hu FB . Red and processed meats and health risks: how strong is the evidence? Diabetes Care. 2020;43(2):265–271. doi:10.2337/dci19-0063

Elmore JG Wild D Katz DL , Nelson HD. Jekel’s Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine E-Book. Elsevier; 2020.

Dansinger ML Gleason JA Griffith JL Selker HP Schaefer EJ . Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, weight watchers, and Zone diets for weight loss and heart disease risk reduction. JAMA. 2005;293(1):43. doi:10.1001/jama.293.1.43

Gardner CD Kiazand A Alhassan S , et al. Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN diets for change in weight and related risk factors among overweight premenopausal women. JAMA. 2007;297(9):969. doi:10.1001/jama.297.9.969

Katz DL Meller S . Can we say what diet is best for health? Annu Rev Public Health. 2014;35(1):83–103. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182351

Bittman M , Katz DL. How to Eat: All Your Food and Diet Questions Answered. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; 2020.

Miller V Mente A Dehghan M , et al. Fruit, vegetable, and legume intake, and cardiovascular disease and deaths in 18 countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2017;390(10107):2037–2049. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32253-5

Swaminathan S Dehghan M Raj JM , et al. Associations of cereal grains intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality across 21 countries in prospective urban and rural epidemiology study: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2021;372:m4948. doi:10.1136/bmj.m4948

Dehghan M Mente A Zhang X , et al. Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2017;390(10107):2050–2062. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32252-3

Pearl J Mackenzie D . The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect. 1st ed. New York: Basic Books; 2018.

McGinnis JM Foege WH . Actual causes of death in the United States. JAMA. 1993;270(18):2207. doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03510180077038