To examine the relationship between several e-cigarette-related characteristics and daily e-cigarette use among adolescent current users.
Design:
Secondary analysis of 2016 National Youth Tobacco Survey data.
Setting:
United States middle schools and high schools.
Sample:
One thousand five hundred seventy-nine current e-cigarette users.
Measures:
Daily e-cigarette use and e-cigarette flavors, brands, device type, and acquisition were measured.
Analysis:
Logistic regression and Poisson regression models were built.
Results:
A total of 13.6% of current users reported daily use. Results indicated that daily users were at increased odds of using all flavor types (all P < .001), with the exception of menthol/mint, and using a higher number of flavors than nondaily users (P < .001). Daily users were more likely to use Blu, eGo, Logic, Halo, NJOY, and another unlisted brand but less likely to report they did not know the brand used (all P ≤ .01). Daily users also reported using a higher number of brands than nondaily users (P < .001). Daily users were at increased odds of using marijuana/tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) oil wax as device ingredients (P < .001) and less likely to use only nicotine (P < .001) or unknown ingredients (P = .004). Daily users were more likely to acquire e-cigarettes from a vape shop, gas station/convenience store, Internet, mall/shopping center kiosk, drug store, grocery store, or other place (all P ≤ .01).
Conclusion:
Comprehensive efforts are needed to reduce e-cigarette use and nicotine addiction among adolescents.
CullenKAAmbroseBKGentzkeASApelbergBJJamalAKingBA. Notes from the field: use of electronic cigarettes and any tobacco product among middle and high school students—United States, 2011-2018. MMWR. 2018;67(45):1276–1277.
2.
GostinLOGlasnerAY. E-cigarettes, vaping, and youth. JAMA. 2014;312(6):595–596.
3.
FairchildALBayerRColgroveJ. The renormalization of smoking? E-cigarettes and the tobacco “Endgame”. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(4):293–295.
4.
BoldKWKongGCamengaDR, et al.Trajectories of e-cigarette and conventional cigarette use among youth. Pediatrics. 2018;141(1):e20171832.
5.
SonejiSBarrington-TrimisJLWillsTA, et al.Association between initial use of e-cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics. 2017;171(8):788–797.
6.
WatkinsSGlantzSChaffeeB. Association of noncigarette tobacco product use with future cigarette smoking among youth in the population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study, 2013-2015. JAMA Pediatrics. 2018;172(2):181–187.
7.
LeventhalAMStrongDRKirkpatrickMG, et al.Association of electronic cigarette use with initiation of combustible tobacco product smoking in early adolescence. JAMA. 2015;314(7):700–707.
8.
MerianosALMancusoTFGordonJSWoodKJCimpermanKAMahabee-GittensEM. Dual- and poly-tobacco/nicotine product use trends in a national sample of high school students. Am J Health Promot. 2018;32(5):1280–1290.
9.
US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking--50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2014.
10.
LydonDMWilsonSJChildAGeierCF. Adolescent brain maturation and smoking: what we know and where we’re headed. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014;45:323–342.
11.
CahnZSiegelM. Electronic cigarettes as a harm reduction strategy for tobacco control: a step forward or a repeat of past mistakes?J Public Health Policy. 2011;32(1):16–31.
12.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes 2018. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2018.
13.
US Department of Health and Human Services. E-Cigarette Use among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2016.
14.
MiechRPatrickMEO’MalleyPMJohnstonLD. What are kids vaping? Results from a national survey of US adolescents. Tob Control. 2017;26(4):386–391.
15.
MoreanMEKongGCavalloDACamengaDRKrishnan-SarinS. Nicotine concentration of e-cigarettes used by adolescents. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;167:224–227.
16.
MoreanMEKongGCamengaDRCavalloDAKrishnan-SarinS. High school students’ use of electronic cigarettes to vaporize cannabis. Pediatrics. 2015;136(4):611–616.
US Food and Drug Administration. Deeming Tobacco Products to be Subject to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as Amended by the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act; Restrictions on the Sale and Distribution of Tobacco Products and Required Warning Statements for Tobacco Products. Vol 81. 90th ed. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2016.
KongGMoreanMECavalloDACamengaDRKrishnan-SarinS. Sources of electronic cigarette acquisition among adolescents in Connecticut. Tob Regul Sci. 2017;3(1):10–16.
21.
Office on Smoking and Health. 2016 National Youth Tobacco Survey: Methodology Report. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2016.
22.
KannLMcManusTHarrisW, et al.Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2017. MMWR. 2018;67(8):1–114.
23.
DaiHHaoJ. Flavored electronic cigarette use and smoking among youth. Pediatrics. 2016;138(6):e20162513.
HarrellMBLoukasAJacksonCDMartiCNPerryCL. Flavored tobacco product use among youth and young adults: what if flavors didn’t exist?Tobacco Reg Sci. 2017;3(2):168–173.
26.
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA takes new steps to address epidemic of youth e-cigarette use, including a historic action against more than 1,300 retailers and 5 major manufacturers for their roles perpetuating youth access. 2018. https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm620184.htm. Updated September 12, 2018. Accessed December 2, 2018.
27.
WillettJGBennettMHairEC, et al.Recognition, use and perceptions of JUUL among youth and young adults. Tob Control. 2019;28(1):115–116.
28.
KingBAGammonDGMarynakKLRogersT. Electronic cigarette sales in the United States, 2013-2017. JAMA. 2018;320(13):1379–1380.
29.
GoniewiczMLBoykanRMessinaCREliscuATolentinoJ. High exposure to nicotine among adolescents who use JUUL and other vape pod systems (‘pods’). Tob Control. 2018: tobaccocontrol–2018-054565.
