One feature of current school reform efforts has been the formation of partnerships between schools and universities in the form of Professional Development Schools (PDS). In this article we describe a Professional Development School project at two schools in New York City that has resulted from collaborative efforts of staff members of Community School District #3, the United Federation of Teachers, and Teachers College, Columbia University. A major problem confronting teachers in urban schools is a pervasive sense of isolation. To combat this problem, a cooperative teaching approach was adopted as a focus of this PDS project. An outgrowth of this approach has been the joint preparation of special and regular education students enrolled in preservice programs.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Armbruster, B., & Howe, C. (1985). An alternative instructional approach: Educators team up to help students learn. National Association of Secondary Schools Bulletin, 69, 82-86.
2.
Bair, M., & Woodward, R.G. (1964). Team teaching in action . Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
3.
Bauwens, J., Hourcade, J.J. & Friend, M. (1989). Cooperative teaching: A model for general and special education integration. Remedial and Special Education , 10, 17-22.
4.
Beggs, D. W., III (Ed.). (1964). Team teaching: Bold new venture. Indianapolis: Unified College Press.
5.
Biklen, D. (1987). In pursuit of integration. In M. S. Berres & P. Knoblock (Eds.), Program models for mainstreaming: Integrating students with moderate to severe disabilities (pp. 19-39). Rockville, MD: Aspen.
6.
Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy. ( 1986). A nation prepared: Teachers for the 21st century. New York: Author.
7.
Chalfant, J.C., Pysh, M.V., & Moultrie, R. (1979). Teacher assistance teams: A model for within-building problem solving. Learning Disabilities Quarterly, 2, 85-96.
8.
Darling-Hammond, L. (1990). In W. R. (Ed.), Handbook of research on teacher education (pp. 267-290). New York: Macmillan.
9.
Feden, P.D., & Clabaugh, G.K. (1986). The "new breed" educator: A rationale and program for combining elementary and special education teacher preparation. Teacher Education and Special Education, 9, 180-189.
10.
Gartner, A., & Lipsky, D.K. (1987). Beyond special education: Toward a quality system for all students. Harvard Educational Review, 57, 367-395.
11.
Goodlad, J.I. (1990). Teachers for our nation's schools. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
12.
Holmes Group. (1986). Tomorrow's teachers. East Lansing, MI: Author .
13.
Holmes Group. (1990). Tomorrow's schools. East Lansing, MI: Author .
14.
Huefner, D.S. (1988). The counseling teacher model: Risks and opportunities . Exceptional Children, 54, 403-414.
15.
Johnson, D.W., & Johnson, R.T. (1980). Integrating handicapped students into the mainstream . Exceptional Children, 47, 90-98.
16.
Lilly, M.S. (1989). Teacher preparation. In D. Lipsky & A. Gartner (Eds.), Beyond separate education: Quality education for all (pp. 143-157). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
17.
National Commission on Excellence in Education. ( 1983). A nation at risk: The imperative for educational reform . Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
18.
Olsen, C.O. (1968). Team teaching in the elementary school. Education, 88, 345-349.
19.
Pugach, M. (1988). Special education as a constraint on teacher education reform. Journal of Teacher Education, 39, 52-59.
20.
Pugach, M., & Pasch, S. (1992, April). The challenge of creating urban professional development schools. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Education Research Association, San Francisco.
21.
Reynolds, M.C., Wang, M.C., & Walberg, H.J. (1987). The necessary restructuring of special and regular education. Exceptional Children, 53, 391-398.
22.
Sansone, J., & Zigmond, N. (1986). Evaluating mainstreaming through an evaluation of students' schedules. Exceptional Children, 52, 452-458.
23.
Stainback, W., & Stainback, S. (1984). A rationale for the merger of special and regular education. Exceptional Children, 51, 102-111.
24.
Stainback, W., & Stainback, S. (1987). Facilitating merger through personnel preparation . Teacher Education and Special Education, 10, 185-190.
25.
Stallings, J.A., & Kowalski, T. (1990). Research on professional development schools. In W. R. Houston (Ed.), Handbook of research on teacher education (pp. 59-71). New York: Macmillan.
26.
Thousand, J.S., & Villa, R.A. (1990). Sharing expertise and responsibilities through teaching teams. In W. Stainback and S. Stainback (Eds.), Support networks for inclusive schooling: Interdependent integrated education (pp. 151-166). Baltimore, MD: Paul Brookes.
27.
Wise, A.E., Darling-Hammond, L., Berry, B., Berliner, D., Haller, E., Praskac, A., & Schlechty, P. (1987). Effective teacher selection: From recruitment to retention (R-3462-NIE/CSTP). Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation.
