This article provides an historical analysis of federal support for personnel preparation in special education. The evolution of the program is traced in terms of its continued emphasis on increasing the quality and improving the quality of special education personnel as well as building capacity for preparation of future generations of qualified personnel.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Adamson, G, Griffin, G., Clelland, R., Panko, K., Smith, J., Tricarico, B., Clement, S., & Hart, V. (1977). The inservice training of regular educators in special education. Produced by the Teacher Education/Special Education Project, University of New Mexico.
2.
Bell, T.H. (1993). Reflections one decade after A Nation at Risk. Phi Delta Kappan, 2, 592–604.
3.
Braddock, D. (1987). Federal policy toward mental retardation and developmental disabilities.Baltimore, MD: Paul Brookes Publishing Co.
4.
Burke, P.J. (1977). Innovation and evaluation in personnel preparation. In Personnel Preparation and Public Law 94-142, the Map, the Mission, and the Mandate.Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Education, Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, Division of Personnel Preparation.
Burke, P.J. & Saettler, H. (1976). The Division of Personnel Preparation: How funding priorities are established and a personal assessment of the impact of P.L. 94-142. Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded., 2(4), 361–365.
7.
Campeau, P.L., Appleby, J.A., & Stoddart, S.C. (1987). Evaluation of discretionary programs under the Education of the Handicapped Act: Personnel Preparation Program. Final goal evaluation report and technical appendices. (Contract No. 33000-85-0143). Palo Alto, CA: American Institutes of Research.
8.
Elbers, G.W. (1973). The education professions 1971-72. Part III–supply and demand for special education personnel (DHEW Publication No. OE 73-12000). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 083 757).
9.
Geiger, W. (Ed.). (1983). National directory of special education teacher preparation programs.Rosslyn, VA: Teacher Education Division, Council for Exceptional Children and National Information Center for Handicapped Children and Youth.
10.
General Accounting Office. (1976). Report to Congress: Training educators for the handicapped: A need to redirect federal programs.Washington, DC: General Accounting Office.
11.
Harvey, J. (1980). Personnel preparation for the handicapped: Into the third decade. Unpublished. Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Education, Bureau of Education of the Handicapped.
12.
Hehir, T. (April 1, 1997). Correspondence, with attachments, from the Director regarding reorganization of the Office of Special Education Programs.Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services.
13.
Herman, R.B. (1978). Afterword. In Personnel Preparation and Public Law 94-142, the Map, the Mission, and the Mandate, 2nd Ed.Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Education, Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, Division of Personnel Preparation.
14.
Kennedy, J.F. (October 31, 1963). Remarks of the President at the signing of S. 1576 Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963 in the Cabinet Room.Washington, DC: The White House.
15.
Kirk, S. (1964). The organization and implementation of programs for handicapped children and youth – 1964.Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education.
16.
Klein, E., Howell, R., & Smith, J. (1978). Inservice training in special education by state education agencies: The consumers guide series, Vol. IV. Produced by the Teacher Education/Special Education Project, University of New Mexico.
17.
Kleinhammer-Tramill, P.J., Peters, J.T., & Fiore, T.A. (2001). The federal role in preparation of special education personnel: An historical perspective. Policy Perspectives, 2 (3), pp. 1–4. Washington, DC: American Association for Colleges of Teacher Education.
18.
Kleinhammer-Tramill, P.J., Tramill, J.L., Baker, B.C., & Fiore, T. (in press). The history and status of OSEP Personnel Preparation Policy for Transition. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals.
19.
Kozleski, E., Mainzer, R., & Deshler, D. (2000). Bright futures for exceptional learners: An action plan for quality conditions, teaching, and results for every exceptional learner.Reston, VA: Council for Exceptional Children.
20.
Mackie, R.P. & Hunter, P.P. (April, 1965). Special education enrollments and number of teachers. Preliminary statistics from the study, Statistics of Special Education for Exceptional Children and Youth, 1962-63. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Bureau of Educational Research and Development. OE-35066.
21.
McDonnell, L.M. & McLaughlin, M.W. (1982). Education policy and the role of the states.Santa Monica, CA: Rand.
22.
Peters, J.T., Fiore, T.A., & Kleinhammer-Tramill, P.J. (2000). Assessment to chart the evolution of the Personnel Preparation Program under IDEA: Document review and funding analysis (Contract No. H297017001). Durham, NC: Westat.
23.
Saettler, H. (1977). Current procedures and issues in grant administration. In Personnel Preparation and Public Law 94-142, the Map, the Mission, and the Mandate.Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Education, Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, Division of Personnel Preparation.
24.
Schofer, R.C. (1978). Cooperative manpower planning. In Personnel Preparation and Public Law 94-142, the Map, the Mission, and the Mandate, 2nd Ed.Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Education, Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, Division of Personnel Preparation.
25.
Smith, J., Schafbuch, L., Klein, E., Moffett, M., Adamson, G., & Griffin, G. (1977). The training of para-professionals in special education and related fields. Produced by the Teacher Education/Special Education Project, University of New Mexico.
26.
Smith-Davis, J., Morsink, C., & Wheatley, F.W. (1984). Quality in personnel preparation for the education of the handicapped: The baseline book.Vienna, VA: Dissemin/Action.
27.
Teacher Education Division of Council for Exceptional Children/Higher Education Consortium of Special Education. (May 12, 1982). Joint positions of Teacher Education Division of Council for Exceptional Children and Higher Education Consortium on Special Education: Block grant funding. Teacher Education Division Council for Exceptional Children Newsletter, 2, 3, p. 7.
28.
U. S. Department of Education (1998, September). Glossary.Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved January 29, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://ocfo.ed.gov/grntinfo/whatshou/glossary.htm.
29.
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education (2002). Meeting the highly qualified teachers challenge, the Secretary's annual report on teacher quality.Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents.
30.
U. S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, (1997a). Fiscal Year 1997 application for new grants under three direct grant programs. Training personnel for the education of individuals with disabilities–grants for personnel training and parent training and information centers. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents.
31.
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, (1997b). Fiscal Year 1997 application for new grants under the training personnel for the education of individuals with disabilities program: Grants for preservice personnel training (CFDA 84.029G).Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents.
32.
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, Special education; personnel preparation to improve services and results for children with disabilities; Final Rule. 64 Fed. Reg. 69138 (December 9, 1999).
33.
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services (1994). New FY 94 application for grants under training personnel for the education of the handicapped.Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents. p. 78
34.
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, Training personnel for the education of individuals with disabilities; inviting applications for Fiscal Year (FY) 1993. 57 Fed. Reg. 33068 (July 24, 1992)
35.
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, Training personnel for the education of the handicapped, application notice, 53 FR 13657 (November 10, 1988.
36.
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, Notice inviting applications for new competitive awards, 52 FR 19812 (May 27, 1987).
37.
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, Training personnel for the education of the handicapped, application notice, 49 FR 34887 (September 4, 1984).
38.
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, Training personnel for the education of the handicapped program, application notice, 49 FR 18687 (May 1, 1984).
39.
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services (July 2, 1984). Application for grants under training personnel for the education of the handicapped, CFDA Number: 84.029T.Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents.
40.
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, Final Regulations: Training Personnel for the Education of the Handicapped, 49 Fed. Reg. 28370 (July 11, 1984).
41.
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, Training Personnel for the Education of the Handicapped, Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 47 Fed. Reg. 52948 (November 23, 1982).
42.
U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education (November 30, 1967). The organization of the Bureau of Education for the Handicapped.Washington, DC; Department of Health Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, p. 12.
43.
U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, (1960). The graduate fellowship program for the preparation of leadership personnel in the education of mentally retarded children. (Brochure).Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Exceptional Children and Youth Section, Instruction, Organization, and Services Branch, Division of State and Local School Systems.
44.
White House Conference on Preparing Tomorrow's Teachers (March 5, 2002). The President's Remarks. Retrieved August 29, 2002 from the World Wide Web: http://www.ed.gov/inits/preparingteachersconference/html.