The incidence of violent juvenile offending and the publicity sur rounding it have prompted some legislatures to review and revise their statutory provisions for waiver. This paper examines the recent statutes that have been enacted, the procedures stipulated, and their implications. Particular attention is focused on the politicalization of juvenile crime, the politics of fear, and the evolution of juvenile justice philosophy from a rehabilitative to a punishment perspective. The restructuring of the waiver process in the juvenile justice system is one of a series of "quick-fixes" that provides the illusion of effectively addressing juvenile crime and prevent ing its occurrence.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Act 33 of Special Session No. 1 of 1995 Pennsylvania Legislature. Pa C.S.A.; Section 6302, 1995.
2.
Albanese, Jay1994Dealing with Delinquency: The Future of Juvenile JusticeChicago, IL: Nelson-Hall .
3.
Barnes, Carole Wolff and Randall S. Franz1989Questionably Adult: Determinants and Effects of the Juvenile Waiver DecisionJustice Quarterly6 ( 1 ) (March): 117-135.
4.
Bazemore, Gordon1992On Mission Statements and Reform in Juvenile Justice: The Case 1 of the 'Balanced Approach'Federal Probation Quarterly. (September): 64-70.
5.
Benekos, Peter and Alida V. Merlo1995Three Strikes and You're Out!: The Political Sentencing GameFederal Probation Quarterly. (March): 3-9.
6.
Bernard, Thomas1992The Cycle of Juvenile JusticeNew York: Oxford University Press.
7.
Bishop, Donna M., Charles E. Frazier, Lonn Lanza-Kaduce, and Lawrence Winner1996The Transfer of Juveniles to Criminal Court: Does It Make a Difference?Crime & Delinquency42 (2) (April): 171-191.
8.
Bortner, M.A.1988Delinquency and Justice: An Age of CrisisNew York: McGraw Hill.
9.
Braithwaite, John1989Crime, Shame and ReintegrationNew York: Cambridge University Press.
10.
California Welfare and Institutions Code, Section 707, 707.01 Chapter 2, Article 17.
11.
Champion, Dean J.1992The Juvenile Justice System: Delinquency, Processing, and the LawNew York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
12.
Criminal Justice Newsletter1995a New Jersey Governor Proposes Juvenile Justice Overhaul (May 15): 6.
13.
1995 b Virginia Moving Toward Sea Change' in Juvenile Justice October 27: 3.
14.
Cronin, James M.1995Juvenile Violence and the Massachusetts Transfer StatuteNew England Journal on Civil and Criminal Confinement . 21:371-375.
15.
Fagan, Jeffrey and Elizabeth Piper Deschenes1990Determinants of Judicial Waiver Decisions for Violent Juvenile Offenders81(2):314-347.
16.
Feld, Barry C.1995Violent Youth and Public Policy: A Case Study of Juvenile Justice Law ReformMinnesota Law Review79,5, (May):965-1128.
17.
Florida Statutes, Sections 39.002,39.047,39.052,39.0587. State of Florida, Tallahassee.
18.
Fritsch, Eric J., Tory J. Caeti and Craig Hemmens1996Spare the Needle but Not the Punishment: The Incarceration of Waived Youth in Texas PrisonsCrime & Delinquency42 (4) (October) 503-609.
19.
Fritsch, Eric and Craig Hemmens1995Juvenile Waiver in the United States 1979-1995: A Comparison and Analysis of State Waiver StatutesJuvenile and Family Court Journal46(3):17-35.
20.
Guttman, Catherine R.1995Listen to the Children: The Decision to Transfer Juveniles to Adult CourtHarvard Civil Rights - Civil Liberties Law Review30 (Summer)
21.
Illinois Compiled Statutes Annotated, 1996Advanced L Service (1996 Public Act 89-235 to 89-500; Charlottesville, VA: The Michie Company .
22.
Kinder, Kristine, Carol Veneziano, Michael Fichter and Henry Azuma1995A Comparison of the Dispositions of Juvenile Offenders Certified as Adults with Juvenile Offenders Not CertifiedJuvenile and Family Court Journal46(3):37-42.
New York Times1996Boy, 12, to Be Nation's Youngest Prison Inmate (January 30): A8.
29.
O'Malley, Brigid1996a A Look at the Teenagers and the CrimesNaples Daily News 7 March: 12A.
30.
O'Malley, Brigid1996b Teen Criminals Meet Their Re-MakersNaples Daily News 7 March: 1, 2A.
31.
Platt, Anthony1977The Child Savers: The Invention of Delinquency, SecondEdition. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
32.
Purdon's Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes Annotated1996Title 42, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, 1996 Cumulative Annual Pocket PartSt. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co.
33.
Schwartz, Ira1989In) Justice for Juveniles: Rethinking the Best Interest of the ChildLexington, MA: Lexington Books.
34.
Sickmund, Melissa1994How Juveniles Get to Criminal Court OJJDPUpdate on Statistics- Juvenile Justice Bulletin October: 1-5.
35.
Simon, Jonathan1995Power Without Parents: Juvenile Justice in a Postmodern SocietyCardoza Law Review16: 1363- 1395.
36.
Singer, Simon I.1993The Automatic Waiver of Juveniles and SubstantiveJustice Crime & Delinquency39 (2) (April):253-261.
37.
Smith, Carolyn and Thornberry, Terence P.1995The Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment and Adolescent Involvement in DelinquencyCriminology33(4):451-479.
38.
Snyder, Howard and Melissa Sickmund1995Juvenile Offenders and Victims: A National ReportWashington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
39.
Staples, Brent1996The Littlest KillersNew York Times . (February 6): A14.
40.
Tezak, Alan1995The Impact of Legislative Changes Upon County Juvenile Justice AgenciesPennsylvania County News37 (11) (November) 1: 12-14.
41.
U.S. Department of Justice1996Crime in the United States, Uniform Crime ReportWashington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
42.
U.S. Department of Justice1995Crime in the United States, Uniform Crime ReportWashington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
43.
United States General Accounting Office1995Juvenile Justice: Juveniles Processed in Criminal Court and Case DispositionsWashington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. August: 1-93.
44.
West's Annotated California Codes, Welfare and Institutions Code, Section 1 to 1499 1996 St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co.
45.
West's Florida, Session Law Service, 1996Laws 1996 Fourteenth Legislature, Second Regular SessionSt. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co.
46.
Wooden, Wayne1995Renegade Kids, Suburban Outlaws: From Youth Culture to DelinquencyBelmont, CA: Wadsworth .
47.
Wright, Kevin N. and Wright, Karen E1994A Policy Maker's Guide to Controlling Delinquency and Crime Through Family InterventionsJustice Quarterly . 11 (2) (June):189-206
48.
Zoglin, Richard1996Now for the Bad News: A Teenage Time BombTime. (January 15): 52-53.
49.
Zuckerman, Mortimer1995Scary Kids Around the CornerU.S. News & World Report. (December 4): 96.
