International trades have been a major force of societal change in human history. Korea was forced to embrace the industrialized world economy through Japan’s economic desire to find new marketplaces for its industrial products. From the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1876 and Japan’s annexation of Korea in 1910, Korean consumers enjoyed superior quality and relatively inexpensive machine-made cotton cloth imported from Japan, America, and Great Britain, while Korean leaders were concerned about losing the nation’s core values to foreign countries. In this research, the authors describe trade patterns of cotton cloth, the shifting trends of Japanese dominance in cotton textile trades in Korea, and the firsthand expressions of both positive and negative impacts of imported cotton cloth during the early Industrial Revolution era. Finally, the authors illuminate the conflicting and chaotic social environments of the transition period from old, dynastic Korea to modern, industrial Korea.
Eoddeohan Yujigakhan chinguga sinmunsae pyeonji hayeotgie [An intellectual buddy sent a letter to the newspaper]. (1897, 109). Dongnib sinmun[The Independence newspaper], p. 1.
7.
Eoneu nara sagireul bodeunji sarami cheoeumeneun eoryeobeuro saengibeul hadaga [Based on the history of any country, people lived with fishing and hunting in the beginning]. (1898, 6, 9). Dongnib sinmun[The Independence newspaper], p. 1.
8.
FeinsteinC. H. (1998). Pessimism perpetuated: Real wages and the standard of living in Britain during and after the industrial revolution. The Journal of Economic History, 58, 625–658. doi:10.1017/S0022050700021100
9.
Foreign Office. (1885–1911). Annual series, (Nos. 218, 372, 565, 740, 1582, 1754, 1957, 2132, 2304, 2511, 2687, 2849, 2995, 3220, 3407, 3660, 3880, 4120, 4346, 4475, 4676), Diplomatic and consular reports on trade and finance: Corea, report for the (years 1886-1910). London, England: Harrison and Sons.
10.
FutakuchiM. (1897, 531). Reosia seonbak bukgwan migaehangji chulibe gwanhan bogo (Je 2 bogo) [About the problem of Russian vessel entry into the unopened port area of the Hamgyeong province (the second report)]. Hanguksadeitabeiseu[DB of the history of Korea]. Retrieved fromhttp://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?itemId=jh&setId=1078489&position=2
11.
HaW. H. (1997). Hanguk geundae gyeongjesa yeongu[Research on Korean economic history in modern times]. Seoul, South Korea: Sinseowon.
12.
HaW. H. (1999). Gaehanggi Seoului mulga byeondong, 1876–1894 [Price fluctuation in Seoul during the port-opening era, 1876–1894]. Seoulhakyeongu, 12, 25–62.
13.
Haegwansechik [Detailed regulation for maritime customs]. (1883, 1220). Hanseong sunbo[Seoul Ten-Day Report], p. 3.
14.
HamiltonJ.DickersonK. (1990). The social and economic cost and payoffs of industrialization in international textile/apparel trade. Clothing and Textile Research Journal, 8, 14–21.
KangJ. M. (2007). Hanguk geundaesa sanchaek 2: Gaesingyo ipgukeseo eulmisabyeonkkaji[Walk in the history of Modern Korea 2: From the Protestant entry to the Eulmi Incident]. Seoul, South Korea: Inmulgwa Sasangsa.
17.
KimG. T. (1994). Hanguk geundae gyeongjesa yeongu[Research on Korean economic history in modern times]. Seoul, South Korea: Changjakgwa bipyeongsa.
18.
KimJ. H. (1991). Geundae ilbon gyeongjesa[Japanese economic history in modern times]. Seoul, South Korea: Bibong chulpansa.
19.
KimJ. Y. (2006). Baeknyeonjeon Hankuksa: Gaehangeseo hanilhapbangkkaji[The history of Korea of 100 years ago: from the opening of the ports to the Korea-Japan Annexation]. Paju, South Korea: Sallim.
20.
KimS. Y. (2010). Dyes and dyeing in Korea, from 1876 to 1910. Journal of the Korean Society of Costume, 60, 77–94.
21.
KimS. Y. (2014). A study on the perception of Korean top hat, the gat, from the late 19th to the early 20th century. Journal of the Korean Society of Costume, 64, 177–192. doi:10.7233/jksc.2014.64.6.176
22.
KwonT. E. (1996). Hanguk geundae myeoneopsa yeongu[Cotton cultivation and textile manufacture in Modern Korea]. Seoul, South Korea: Iljogak.
23.
LeeB. C. (1985). Gaehanggi oeguksangui naejisanggwon chimip [Foreign merchants’ invasion of domestic market during the port-opening era]. Gyeongje sahak, 9, 295–331.
24.
LeeC. S. (2010). Reconstruction and operation of state-run handicraft industry system in the early days of the Joseon Dynasty(Unpublished master’s thesis). Hansin University, Osan, South Korea.
25.
LeeE. H. (2013). Gaehanggi hanguk muyeoksa yeongu seonggwawa gwaje [Research results and tasks on the history of Korean trade during the port-opening era]. Hangnim, 34, 29–45.
26.
LeeE. K. (2008). A study on pobeckchuck in the history from the Sunjo to the Sunjong Dynasty. Journal of the Korean Society of Costume, 58, 116–122.
27.
LeeJ. S. (2005). Monetary circulations of Choson between the mid-sixteenth and the early eighteenth centuries investigated by everyday journals and records of land trades. Joseonsidae sahakbo, 32, 95–148.
28.
LeeK. D. (2014). Korean art spirit and aesthetic consciousness. Hanguk sasanggwa munhwa, 75, 221–245.
29.
LemireB.RielloG. (2008). East & west: Textiles and fashion in early modern Europe. Journal of Social History, 41, 887–916.
30.
MiwaR. (2002/2004). Gaisetsu nihon keizaishi: kingendai[General remarks on Japanese economic history: Modern and contemporary period]. (KwonH. G., Trans.). Seoul, South Korea: Bogosa.
31.
MoreC. (2000). Understanding the industrial revolution. London, England: Routledge.
National Institute of Korean History. (2006). Hwapyewa gyeongjehwaldongui ijungju [Duet of currency and economic activity]. Seoul, South Korea: Author.
34.
National Institute of Korean History. (2010). Seogu munhwawaui mannam[Meet with western culture]. Seoul, South Korea: Author.
35.
Nongsaman himsseuneun naraneun dongseoyangeul da sanggohayeo boado [Crop producing countries have little power when we investigate the East and the West]. (1897, 87). Dongnib sinmun[The Independence newspaper], p. 1.
36.
ParkI. S. (2001). A norm and status of Chosun dynasty. Yeongnam beophak, 7, 79–95.
Segyee tongsanghaneun tteusi gakgi naenara baekseongui sangmureul hwakjanghayeo [The purpose of trade is to enlarge people’s commerce of its own country]. (1898, 63). Maeil sinmun[Daily News], p. 1.
39.
SeoY. H. (2012). Iljechimryakgwa Daehanjegukui jongmal[Japanese invasion and the end of the Korean Empire]. Seoul, South Korea: Yeoksa bipyeongsa.
40.
Seoyangmokgwa geu oe [Western cotton cloth and others]. (1898, 810). Dongnib sinmun[The Independence newspaper], p. 1.
41.
ShinB. J. (2011, 916). Munikjeomui mokhwassi, Joseon gyeongjereul dwibakkuda [Mun Yik-Jeom’s cottonseed changes the economy of Joseon dynasty]. Hanguk gyeongje[Korean Economy]. Retrieved fromhttp://www.hankyung.com/news/app/newsview.php?aid=2011091545061
42.
SieroshevskiV. (2006). Kareya Ocherk[Korea: an essay]. (KimJ. Y.AnJ. Y.KwonJ. I.AnS. H.LeeJ. U., Trans.). Seoul, South Korea: Gaemagowon. (Original work published 1906)
43.
Sijiktambo [Market report]. (1883, 1031, p.4; November 10, p.8; 20, p.4; 30, p.7; December 9, p.8; 20, p.6; 29, p.12/ 1884, January 8, p.3; 30, p.3; February 7, p.2; 17, p.2; 27, p.2; March 8, p.2; 18, p.1; 27, p.1; April 6, p.2; 16, p.3; 26, p.2; May 5, p.2; 15, p.2; 25, p.2; June 4, p.2; 14, p.2; 23, p.12; July 3, p.2; 13, p.1; 22, p.3; August 1, p.3; 11, p.2; 21, p.10; 31, p.3; September 10, p.2; 19, p.3; 29, p.2; October 9, p.2). Hanseong sunbo[Seoul Ten-Day Report]. Seoul, South Korea: Bakmunguk.
44.
Sijiktambo [Market report]. (1886, 125, p.9; February 1, p.7;15, p.7; 22, p.5; March 1, p.5; 8, p.5; May 24, p.6; 31, p.8; June 31, p.7; July 5, p.5; August 16, p.9; 23, p.6; 30, p.13; September 6, p.7; 13, p.7; 20, p.4; 27, p.6; October 4, p.5; 11, p.4/ 1887, January 24, p.7; February 28, p.5; March 7, p.6; 14, p.5; 21, p.6; 28, p.5; April 4, p.5; 11, p.6; 18, p.6; 25, p.6; June 13, p.7; 20, p.7; 27, p.7; July 4, p.7; 11, p.7; 18, p.5; 25, p.9; August 1, p.8; 8, p.8/ 1888, January 30, p.4). Hanseong jubo[Seoul Weekly Report]. Seoul, South Korea: Bakmunguk.
45.
Silayokbang [Want to find a lost child]. (1898, 1212). Hwangseong sinmun[Seoul News], p. 3.
46.
Sileopgyee haningwa ilinui gyeongjaeng [Commerce competition between Korean and Japanese]. (1910, 55). Daehan maeil sinbo[The Korea Daily News], p. 1.
47.
SongK. J. (2003). An economic exchange between Chosun and the west during the period of the opening of a port. Minjok munhwa nonchong, 28, 325–359.
48.
SongK. J. (2006). An influence of the trade with the west on Choson’s economy after the opening of the door. Sahak yeongu, 81, 229–267.
49.
Soviet Union Ministerstvo Finansov. (1900/1983). Opisanie Korei[Description on Korea] (KimB. R., Trans.). Seoul, South Korea: Yupung chulpansa.
50.
Ssal suyowa gwanryodeului sujja noleum [Rice demand and the numeric play of government officers]. (2015, 129). Gyeonghyang sinmuneuro boneun yeoksa[History reviewed through the Gyeonghyang sinmun newspaper]. Retrieved fromhttp://history.khan.kr/1810
51.
The Inspector General of Customs. (1886–1887). Returns of trade at the treaty ports, and trade reports, for the (years 1885-1886). Shanghai, China: The Statistical Department of the Inspectorate General of Customs.
52.
The Inspector General of Customs. (1888-1894). Returns of trade and trade reports for the (years 1887-1893). Shanghai, China: The Statistical Department of the Inspectorate General of Customs.
53.
Tongcheonhae dongseoreul mangronhago illyuneun hangajira [People are as of one in the East and the West over the world]. (1898, 413). Maeil sinmum[Daily News], p. 1.
54.
Yeongil daegyeongjaeng [Intense competition between the Great Britain and Japan]. (1906, 915). Daehan maeil sinbo[The Korea Daily News], p. 2.
55.
YuG. H. (2007). Hanguk gyeongjeui geundaehwa gwajeong[The modernization process of the Korean economy]. Seoul, Korea: Yupung chulpansa.
