This study examines the effect of delivery-time–related information (stock availability and shipping/handling cycle) on perceived consumption delay, perceived time risk, attitude toward the Web site, and online purchase intention. In addition, the authors examine the interrelationships among dependent variables using a causal model analysis. Participants (213 female undergraduates) evaluated a mock Web site under four treatment conditions. The findings indicate statistically significant main effects for time-related information on all four dependent variables and support the causal relationships among dependent variables. Based on the results, Internet apparel retailers may benefit from establishing a prompt restocking system to reduce the waiting time for apparel products and in turn, perceptions of consumption delay.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
2.
Apparel: Slow and steady does it. (2003, April). Retrieved July 26, 2003, from http://www.Internetretailer.com/printArticle.asp?id=8965.
3.
Becker, G. S. (1965). A theory of the allocation of time. Economic Journal, 75(9), 493-517.
4.
Bhatnagar, A., Misra, S., & Rao, H. R. (2000). On risk, convenience, and Internet shopping behaviour. Communications of the ACM, 43(1), 98-105.
5.
Blackwell, R. D., Miniard, P. W., & Engel, J. F. (2001). Consumer behavior. Troy, MO: Harcourt.
6.
Bozek, C. G. (2004, September). What are the fashions? Retrieved July 26, 2005, from http://extras.sentinelandenterprise.com/bigblackbook/2.asp
7.
Calder, B. J., Philips, L. W., & Tybout, A. M. (1981, September). Designing research for application. Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 197-207.
8.
Choi, J., & Lee, K. H. (2003). Risk perception and eshopping: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 7(1), 49-64.
9.
Comegys, C., & Brennan, M. L. (2003). Students' online shopping behavior: A dual-country perspective. Journal of Internet Commerce, 2(2), 69-87.
10.
Cox, D. F. (1967). Risk handling in consumer behaviour. In D. Cox (Ed.), Risk taking and information handling in consumer behaviour (pp. 34-81). Boston: Harvard University, Graduate School of Business, Division of Research.
11.
Cox, D. F., & Rich, S. U. (1964). Perceived risk and consumer decision-making: The case of telephone shopping. Journal of Marketing Research, 1, 32-49.
12.
Direct Marketing Association. (1988). [News summary]. Retrieved July 16, 2003, from http://www.the-dma.org/cgi/newsstandarchive.
13.
Dubé, L., Schmitt, B. H., & Leclerc, F. (1991). Consumers' affective response to delays at different phases of a service delivery. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 21, 810-820.
14.
Dubé-Rioux, L., Schmitt, B. H., & Leclerc, F. (1989). Consumers' reaction to waiting: When delays affect the perception of quality. Advances in Consumer Research, 16, 59-63.
15.
Emmelheinz, M., Stock, J., & Emmelheinz, L. (1991). Consumer response to retail stock-outs. Journal of Retailing, 67(2), 138-146.
16.
Ernst and Young. (2001). Despite dot.com woes, online retailing growth in ’00 confirmed by new Ernst and Young global study. Retrieved January 23, 2003, from http://www.ey.com/global/content_nsf
17.
Festervand, T. A., Snyder, D. R., & Tsalikis, J. D. (1986). Influence of catalog vs. store shopping and prior satisfaction on perceived risk. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 14(4), 28-36.
18.
Folkes, V. S., & Wheat, R. (1995). Consumers' price perceptions of promoted products. Journal of Retailing, 71(3), 317-328.
19.
Forsythe, S. M., & Shi, B. (2003). Consumer patronage and risk perceptions in Internet shopping. Journal of Business Research, 56, 867-875.
20.
Friese, M. C. (1968). Elements of fashion uncertainty as perceived by the consumer. Unpublished master's thesis, Iowa State University, Ames.
21.
Gommans, M., Krishnan, K. S., & Scheffold, K. B. (2001). From brand loyalty to e-loyalty: A conceptual framework. Journal of Economic and Social Research, 3(1), 43-58.
22.
Greenleaf, E. A., & Lehmann, D. R. (1995). Reasons for substantial delay in consumer decision making. Journal of Consumer Research, 22(2), 186-199.
23.
Harris Interactive Inc. (2002, July 29). College students spend $200 billion per year. Retrieved May 24, 2004, from http://www.harrisinteractive.com/news/allnewsbydate.asp?NewsID=480
24.
Hui, M. K., Thakor, M. V., & Gill, R. (1998). The effect of delay type and service stage on consumers' reactions to waiting. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 469-479.
25.
Hui, M. K., & Tse, D. K. (1996). What to tell consumers in waits of different lengths: An integrated model of service evaluation. Journal of Marketing, 60, 81-90.
26.
Hui, M. K., & Zhou, L. (1996). How does waiting duration information influence customers' reactions to waiting for services?Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 1702-1717.
27.
Katz, K. L., Larson, B. M., & Larson. R. C. (1991). Prescription for the waiting-in-line blues: Entertain, enlighten, and engage. Sloan Management Review, 32, 44-53.
28.
Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford.
29.
Kwon, Y., Paek, S. L., & Arzeni, M. (1991). Catalog vs. non–catalog shoppers of apparel: Perceived risks, shopping orientations, demographics, and motivations. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 10(1), 13-19.
30.
Larson, R. C. (1987). Perspectives on queues: Social justice and the psychology of queuing. Operations Research, 35, 895-904.
31.
Leclerc, F., Schmitt, B. H., & Dubé, L. (1995). Waiting time and decision making: Is time like money?Journal of Consumer Research, 22(1), 110-119.
32.
Lee, M., & Johnson, K. K. P. (2002). Exploring differences between Internet apparel purchasers, browsers and non-purchasers. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 6(2), 146-157.
33.
Li, H., Daugherty, T., & Biocca, F. (2001). Characteristics of virtual experience in electronic commerce: A protocol analysis. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 15(3), 13-29.
34.
Liang, T. P., & Huang, J. S. (1998). An empirical study on consumer acceptance of products in electronic market: A transaction cost model. Decision Support System, 24, 29-43.
35.
McCorkle, D. E. (1990). The role of perceived risk in mail order catalog shopping. Journal of Direct Marketing, 4(4), 26-35.
36.
Meyer, C. (2001). While customers wait, add value. Harvard Business Review, 79(7), 24-24, 26-26.
37.
Minshall, B., Winakor, G., & Swinney, J. L. (1982). Fashion preferences of males and females, risk perceived, and temporal quality of styles. Home Economics Research Journal, 10, 369-379.
38.
Mowen, J. C., & Mowen, M. M. (1991). Time and outcome valuation: Implications for marketing decision making. Journal of Marketing, 55(4), 54-62.
39.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
40.
Park, J. H., & Stoel, L. (2002). Apparel shopping on the Internet: Information availability on US apparel merchant Web sites. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 6(2), 158-176.
41.
Reichheld, F., & Schefter, P. (2000). E-loyalty. Harvard Business Review, 78(4), 105-114.
42.
Retail Forward. (2003). Preliminary holiday 2002 online shopping survey results. Retrieved February 13, 2003, from http://www.pwc-ris.com
43.
Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of innovation (4th ed.). New York: Macmillan.
44.
Roselius, T. (1971). Consumer rankings of risk reduction methods. Journal of Marketing, 35, 55-61.
45.
Shim, S., & Drake, M, F. (1990). Consumer intention to utilize electronic shopping. Journal of Direct Marketing, 4, 22-33.
46.
Shim, S., Eastlick, M. A., Lotz, S. L., & Warrington, P. (2001). An online prepurchase intentions model: The role of intention to search. Journal of Retailing, 77, 397-416.
47.
Shop.org. (2003, March 10). Statistics: US online shoppers. Retrieved August 5, 2003, from http://www.shop.org/learn/stats_usshop_kids.html
48.
Simpson, L., & Lakner, H. B. (1993). Perceived risk and mail order shopping for apparel. Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics, 17, 377-389.
49.
Sproles, G. (1981). Analyzing fashion life cycles: Principles and perspectives. Journal of Marketing, 45, 116-124.
50.
Srinivasan, S. S., Anderson, R., & Ponnavolu, K. (2002). Customer loyalty in e-commerce: An exploration of its antecedents and consequences. Journal of Retailing, 78, 41-50.
51.
Stayman, D. M., & Batra, R. (1991). Encoding and retrieval of ad affect in memory. Journal of Marketing Research, 28(5), 232-239.
52.
Szymanski, D. M., & Hise, R. T. (2000). E-satisfaction: An initial examination. Journal of Retailing, 76(3), 309-322.
53.
Taylor, J. W. (1974). The role of risk in consumer behavior. Journal of Marketing, 38, 54-60.
54.
Taylor, S. (1994). Waiting for service: The relationship between delays and evaluations of service. Journal of Marketing, 58, 56-69.
55.
Taylor, S. (1995). The effects of filled waiting time and service provider control over the delay on evaluations of service. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(1), 38-48.
56.
Taylor, S., & Claxton, J. D. (1994). Delays and the dynamics of service evaluations. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22, 254-264.
57.
Then, N. K., & DeLong, M. R. (1999). Apparel shopping on the web. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 91(3), 65-68.
58.
Vijayasarathy, L. R., & Jones, J. M. (2000). Print and Internet catalog shopping. Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy, 10(3), 191-202.
59.
Walter, C. K., & Grabner, J. (1975). Stockout cost models: Empirical tests in a retail situation. Journal of Marketing, 39, 56-68.
60.
Williamson, D. A. (2005, April 8). A work of women. Retrieved July 22, 2005, from http://www.imediaconnection.com/content/54434.asp
61.
Yoh, E., Damhorst, M. L., Sapp, S., & Lazniak, R. (2003). Consumer adoption of the Internet: The case of apparel shopping. Psychology and Marketing, 20(12), 1095-1118.
