Many methods have been developed to measure the body in an effort to capture its dimensions for clothing. Measuring the human body has been important in developing garments tofit the body, and systems have reflected technology, needs of the consumer, andfocus of the apparel industry. The U. S. apparel industry has developed many techniques to measure the body, including custom-fitted to the individual, mass-sized and produced, and now, mass-customized. This paper reviews and evaluates historic and current methods of capturing body measurements, which are presented as linear methods, multiple probe methods, and body form methods, that use one or more of the following elements: point, length, surface, shape, and volume.
Ashdown, S., & DeLong, M. (1995). Perception testing of apparel ease variation. Applied Ergonomics, 26(1), 47-54.
2.
Ashdown, S., Loker, S., Schoenfelder, K., & LymanClarke, L. (2004). Using 3D scans for fit analysis. Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management, 4, (1) Retrieved May 29, 2004, from http://www.tx.ncsu.edu/jtatm/volume4issue1/articles/Loker/Loker_full103_04.pdf
3.
Beazley, A. (1997). Size and fit: Procedures in undertaking a survey of measurements. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 2(1), 55-85.
4.
Bobbin. (2001, January). Lands' end road show rolls home. Retrieved May 29, 2004 from http://articles.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3638/is_5_42/ai_70658450
5.
Bodyskanner. (2002). New technology gives made-to-measure fit! Retrieved May 29, 2004, from http://www.scansewsuccess.com/pressrelease.html
6.
Brinson, G. (1977). Pattern alterations predicted and quantified using angle measurements. Unpublished master's thesis, Auburn University, Auburn, AL.
7.
Browzwear. (2000). Envision true-to-life garment modeling. Retrieved June 5, 2004, from http://www.browzwear.com/about.asp
8.
Churchill, E., & McConville, J. T. (1976). Sampling and data gathering strategies for future USAF anthropometry (AMRL-TR-74102). WrightPatterson Air Force Base, OH: Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Aerospace Medical Division, (AFSC).
9.
Conti, M.W (1977). Body grade. In American Apparel Manufacturers' Association [and] School of Textile Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Conference Proceedings. Arlington, VA: The Association.
10.
Croney, J. (1981). Anthropometryfor designers. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
11.
DeLong, M., Ashdown, S., Butterfield, L., & Turnbladh, K. (1993). Data specification needed for apparel production using computers. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal11(3), 1-7.
12.
DeLong, M. R., LaBat, K. L., & Bye, E. K. (1991). University/industry collaborative research: Powerful partners. Journal of Home Economics, 83(2), 7-11.
13.
DesMarteau, K. (2003, May). The changing, challenging role of apparel design. Apparel, 34-37.
14.
Douty, H. (1978). Report on grant-in-aid project on 'somatography (GRT 78 CA Douty, #77-191). Unpublished report, Auburn University.
15.
Douty, H. (April, 1970). Somatology, history and present status. Unpublished paper presented to the Social Science Section, Auburn University.
16.
Gazzuolo, E. (1985). A theoreticalframework for describing bodyform variation relative to pattern shape. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.
17.
Gazzuolo, E., DeLong, M. R., Lohr, S., LaBat, K. L., & Bye, E. K. (1992). Predicting garment pattern dimensions from photographic and anthropometric data. Applied Ergonomics, 23(3), 161-172.
18.
Goldsberry, E., Shim, S., & Reich, N. (1996). Women 55 years and older: Part I. Current body measurements as contrasted to the PS 42-70 data. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 14(2), 108-121.
19.
Gordon, C. C. & Friedl, K. E. (1994). Anthropometry in the U.S. armed forces. In Ulijasjek, S. J. & Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N. (Eds.). Anthropometry: the individual and the population. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
20.
Heisey, F. L. (1984). A quantitative methodology for generating specificallyfitted garment patterns. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.
21.
Horne, L., Campbell, L., & Scholz, C. (1999). Older females as a market segment for well-fitting clothing. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management3(3), 236-244.
22.
Istook, C. & Hwang, S. (2001). 3D body scanning systems with application to the apparel industry. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 5(2), 120-132.
23.
Kidwell, C. B. & Christman, M. C. (1974). Suiting everyone: The democratization of clothing in America. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
24.
LaBat, K. L. (1987). Consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction with the fit of ready-to-wear clothing. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.
25.
Loker, S., Ashdown, S., Cowie, L., & Schoenfelder, K. (2004). Consumer interest in commercial applications of body scan data. Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management, 4(1). Retrieved May 29, 2004, from http://www.tx.ncsu.edu/jtatm/volume4issuel/articles/Loker/Loker_full_100_04.pdf
26.
Mckinnon, L., & Istook, C. (2001). Comparative analysis of the image twin system and the 3T6 body scanner. Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, 1(2). Retreived May 29, 2004, from http://www.tx.ncsu.edu/jtatm/volume1issue2/issue2_abstracts.htm
27.
Minott, J. (1978). Fitting commercial patterns: The Minott method. Minneapolis, MN: Burgess Publishing.
28.
Nagamachi, M. (2002). Kansei engineering as a powerful consumer-oriented technology for product development. Applied Ergonomics, 33(3), 289-295.
29.
National Textile Center. (2004, May). National textile center university research consortium. Retrieved March 11, 2005 from http://www.ntcresearch.org/current/FY2004/FY2004-proj.htm%23Research
30.
Neukan, J. & Sauer, J. (2003). Pattern-Drafting software. Threads, 106, 42-49.
31.
O'Brien, R., & Shelton, W C. (1941). Women's measurementsfor garment and pattern construction (Miscellaneous Publication 454). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture.
32.
Otieno, R. (2000). The role of garment sizing in creation of customer satisfaction: Indications from focus group responses. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 4 (4), 325-335.
33.
Parham, K., Gordon, C., & Bensel, D. (1988). Anthropometry of thefoot and lower leg of U.S. army soldiers: Fort Jackson (SC-1985). Natick, MA: U.S. Army Natick Research, Development and Engineering Center.
34.
Rabon, L. (1996, August). Custom fit comes of age. Bobbin, 42-48.
35.
Roebuck, J. A. (1995). Anthropometric methods: designing to fit the human body. Santa Monica, CA: Monographs in Human and Ergonomic Factors.
36.
Rutter, B. G. (1981). Dynamic anatomical anthropometry. Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois.
37.
Schofield, N. (2000). Investigation of the pattern grading assumptions used in the sizing of U.S. womens clothingfor the upper torso. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.
38.
Simmons, K. P., & Istook, C. L. (2003). Body measurement techniques: Comparing 3D bodyscanning and anthropometric methods for apparel applications. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 7(3), 306-332.
39.
Society of Automotive Engineers. (2004). CAESAR: The most comprehensive sourcefor body measurements. Retrieved May 29, 2004 from http://store.sae.org/caesar/
40.
Sokolowski, S. L. (1999). Development of a methodology to describe the morphology of thefoot forfootwear: Application for womensfootwear. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.
41.
Tait, N. (1998). Is mass customization possible?Apparel International, 29 (7), 22-24.
42.
Textile Clothing Technology Corporation. (n.d.). Size USA. Retrieved May 29, 2004, from http://www.tc2.com/what/sizeusa/index.html
43.
Trautman, P. (1985). An eighteenth century American tailor: Myth and reality, as seen through one tailor's surviving records. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 3 (2), 25-30.
44.
Treleaven, P. (2003). UK national sizing survey using 3d body scanning. Retrieved September 5, 2003, from http://www.techexchange.com/thelibrary/UKArticle.html
45.
U.S. Department of Commerce. (1958). Body measurementsfor the sizing of women's patterns and apparel (Commercial standard CS215-58). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
46.
U.S. Department of Commerce. (1970). Body measurementsfor the sizing of women's patterns and apparel. (National Bureau of Standards PS 42-70). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
47.
Watkins, S. (1995). Clothing: The portable environment. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.
48.
Winter, M. (2002). Fitting research for undergraduates. Cornell Human Ecology, 30 (2), 12-15.
49.
Woodson, E. M. (1985). Development of a computerized device for body measuring [Abstract]. Proceedings of the Association of College Professors of Textile and Clothing, 77-78.
50.
Yoon, J. C., & Radwin, R. G. (1994). The accuracy of consumer-made body measurements for women's mail-order clothing. Human Factors and Engineering Society, 36(3), 557-568.
