A theory of product performance and consumer satisfaction was applied to examine the instrumental and expressive outcomes associated with prototype trousers developed from the Canada Standard Sizing (CSS) size code M18 and the ASTM D5586 size code MPl6. Instrumental outcomes are positive or negative judgments of a product based on consumers' reactions to the physical aspects of a product. Expressive outcomes refer to positive or negative judgments of a product based on consumers' personal or emotional reactions to a product. A convenience sample of 20 women aged 56 to 89 years participated in a two-week wear test followed by face-to-face interviews. The results showed that (a) the participants' measurements were similar to the ASTM MP16 measurements; (b) although participants were satisfied with the ASTM prototype trouser, there was no significant difference in overall satisfaction; (c) participants tended to associate both prototype trousers with instrumental outcomes.
American Society for Testing and Materials. ( 1994). Standard tables of body measurements for women aged 55 and older (All figure types). Philadelphia: Author.
2.
Canadian General Standards Board. (1992a). Canada standard system for sizing women's apparel (CAN/CGSB-49.201-92). Ottawa: Canadian General Standards Board.
3.
Canadian General Standards Board. (1992b). The application of the Canada standard system for the sizing of women's wearing apparel (CAN/CGSB-49.202-92). Ottawa: Canadian General Standards Board.
4.
Canadian General Standards Board. (1987). Canada standard sizes for women's apparel—trade sizes (CAN/ CGSB-49.203-M87) . Ottawa: Canadian General Standards Board.
5.
Chowdhary, U. (1989). Apparel shopping behavior of elderly men and women . Perceptual and Motor Skills, 68, 1183-1189.
6.
Consumer and Corporate Affairs Canada. (1990 ). Guide to the "Canada Standard" sizing program. (Information Bulletin No. 8). Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services.
7.
Desjardins, B. (1993). Population aging and the elderly (Catalogue no. 91-533E). Ottawa: Statistics Canada .
8.
Francis, S., & Dickey, L.E. (1984). Dimensions of satisfaction with purchases of women's dresses: Before and after garment care. Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics, 8(2), 153-168.
9.
Gauthier, P. (1991, Autumn). Canada's seniors. Canadian Social Trends, pp. 16-19.
10.
Goldsberry, E. (1995, March). Improving apparel sizing for older consumers . ASTM Standardization News, 48-50.
11.
Goldsberry, E., Shim, S., & Reich, N. (1996). Women 55 years and older: Part 1. Current body measurements as contrasted to the PS42-70 data. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 14(2), 108-119.
12.
Institute for Standards Research (1993). Development of body measurement tables for women 55 and older and the relationship to ready-to-wear garment size (ISR-06 PCN: 33-000006-18). Philadelphia: ASTM Institute for Standards Research .
13.
Karlsson, I.C.M. & Rosenblad, E.F.S. (1998). Evaluating functional clothing in climatic chamber tests versus field tests: A comparison of quantitative and qualitative methods in product development. Ergonomics , 41, 1399-1420.
14.
Kerr, D., & Ram, B. (1994). Focus on Canada: Population dynamics in Canada. (Catalogue no. 96-305E). Ottawa: Statistics Canada & Prentice Hall Canada Inc.
15.
LaBat, K.L., & DeLong, M.R. (1990). Body cathexis and satisfaction with fit of apparel . Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 8(2), 43-48.
16.
Maddox, R.N. (1981). Two factor theory and consumer satisfaction: Replication and extension. Journal of Consumer Research, 8(1), 97-102.
17.
Marshall, S.P. (1988). Effectiveness of Canada Standard Sizes for women 65 to 85. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
18.
Martin, Jr., C.R. (1975). Transgenerational comparison: The elderly fashion consumer. Advances in Consumer Research, 3, 453-456.
19.
McKie, C. (1993, Summer). Population aging: Baby boomers into the 21st century. Canadian Social Trends, pp. 2-6.
20.
Patterson, C.A., & Warden, J. (1983-84). Selected body measurements of women aged sixty-five and older. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 2(2), 23-30.
21.
Richards, M.L. (1981). Clothing preferences and problems of the elderly female consumers. Gerontologist, 21 (3), 263-267.
22.
Rosenblad-Wallin, E., & Karlsson, M. (1986). Clothing for the elderly at home and in nursing homes. Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics, 10, 343-356.
23.
Schewe, C.D. (1988). Marketing to our aging population: Responding to physiological changes. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 5(3), 61-73.
24.
Shim, S., & Bickle, M.C. (1993). Women 55 years and older as catalog shoppers: Satisfaction with apparel fit and catalog attributes. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 11(4), 53-64.
25.
Smathers, D.G., & Horridge, P.E. (1978-79). The effects of physical changes on clothing preferences of elderly women. International Journal of Ageing and Human Development, 9(3), 273-277.
26.
Statistics Canada. (1990). A portrait of seniors in Canada. (Catalogue no. 89-519). Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada.
27.
Swan, J.E., & Combs, L.J. (1976). Product performance and consumer satisfaction: A new concept. Journal of Marketing,40, 25-33.
28.
Tamburrino, N. (1992, June). Sized to sell. Bobbin, 33, 68-74.
29.
The age factor. (1997, November). Apparel Insights: The Canadian Apparel Market Newsletter, 2(3), 1-3.
30.
The Canadian Aging Research Network. (1994 ). Clothing preferences and problems of older adults. Winnipeg, MB: University of Manitoba Centre on Aging .
31.
Woodson, E.M., & Horridge, P.E. (1990). Apparel sizing as it relates to women age sixty-five plus. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 8(4), 7-13.
