Feminist ethics-which examines women's values, experiences, and decision-making processes-is an area of moral philosophy that has been slow to attract the interest of planning ethicists. Feminist approaches to ethics share several commonalities, including an emphasis on care and empathy rather than rights and justice, and a balance between freedom and responsibility. Six approaches tofeminist ethics are critically analyzed here. The common themes are then applied to those areas of planning most amenable to ethical analysis: normative planning theory, planning techniques, administrative role definition, plan making, and professional ethics in everyday decision-making.
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