Because exotic dance adult entertainment is a nationwide lightning rod for conflict, a comprehensive knowledge base is necessary. This bibliographic summary of literature addresses some misperceptions and notes new United States Supreme Court cases that can lead planners, policy makers, and government attorneys into legal difficulties over restrictions they try to impose on this industry. Costs to enact, enforce, and defend the restrictions may divert scarce resources. The multi-disciplinary literature encompasses books, articles, court testimony, and court rulings on exotic dance written by researchers in anthropology, architecture, biology, criminology, economics, journalism, law, photography, planning, police work, psychology, real estate, and sociology, as well as accounts presented by former exotic dancers. Topics include First Amendment-related characteristics of exotic dance, its expressive components, performers, patrons, adversaries, and supporters; the validity of studies used to justify zoning, alcohol beverage control, and other restrictive ordinances; and legal justifications and limitations on regulating exotic dance.
Bentley, Toni. 2002. Sisters of Salome. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
2.
Foster, Susan Leigh. 1996. The ballerina’s phallic pointe. In Corporeality’s: Dancing knowledge, culture and power, edited by Susan Leigh Foster, 1-24. New York: Routledge.
3.
Freeman, Lance, and Daniel Linz. 2002. Examining the relationship between businesses that comply with the “60/40”adult zoning regulations and surrounding property values in New York City. Unpublished paper.
4.
Grossman, Lev. 2003. ’ s Whatnext? Trends: The quest for cool. Time162 (10): 48-54.
5.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 1988. Dance, sex, and gender: Signs of identity, dominance, defiance, and desire. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
6.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 1999. Toying with the striptease dancer and the First Amendment. In Play and culture studies, Vol. 2, edited by Stuart Reifel, 37-55. Greenwich, CT: Ablex.
7.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 2002. Dance under the censorship watch. Journal of Arts Management Law and Society29 (1):1-13.
8.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 2004. The First Amendment, artistic merit and nudity in Minnesota: Dance, criminal public indecency and evidence. Minnesota Law and Politics Web Magazine. Retrieved from www.lawandpolitics.com (click on MN & then web magazine).
9.
See Hanna, Judith Lynne. 2003. Review in Journal of Planning Literature17 (3): 45-46.
10.
Land, Kenneth C., Jay R. Williams, Michael E. Ezell, Bryant Paul, and Daniel Linz. 2004. An examination of the assumption that adult businesses are associated with crime in surrounding areas: A secondary effects study in Charlotte, North Carolina. Law and Society Review38 (1): 69-103.
11.
Munsil, Len. 1988. The preparation and trial of an obscenity case: A guide for the prosecuting attorney. Scottsdale, AZ: National Family Legal Foundation.
12.
Munsil, Len. 1994. How to legally stop nude dancing in your community. Scottsdale, AZ: National Family Legal Foundation.
13.
Paul, Bryant, Daniel Linz, and Bradley J. Shafer. 2001. Government regulation of “adult” businesses through zoning and anti-nudity ordinances: Debunking the legal myth of negative secondary effects. Communication Law and Policy6 (2): 355-391.
14.
Pierson, David. 2003. Lap-dance decision cheers strippers, patrons. Los Angeles Times, November 23, B3.
15.
Robbins, H. Franklin, Jr., and Steven G. Mason. 2003. The law of obscenity—or absurdity?St. Thomas Law Review15 (3): 517-544.
16.
Schlosser, Eric. 1997. The business of pornography. U.S. News and World Report, February 10, 43-52.
17.
Scott, Joseph E. 1991. What is obscene? Social science and the contemporary community standard of obscenity. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry14:29-45.
18.
Tiersma, Peter Meijes. 1993. Nonverbal communication and the freedom of “speech.”Wisconsin Law Review6: 1525-1589.
19.
Wagner, Ann. 1997. Adversaries of dance: From the Puritans to the present. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
20.
Allen, Robert Clyde. 1991. Horrible prettiness: Burlesque and American culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina.
21.
Barranger, Milly S. 1995. Theatre: A way of seeing. 4th ed.Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
22.
Fine, Gary Alan. 1991. Justifying fun: Why we do not teach exotic dance in high school. Play and Culture4: 87-99.
23.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 1983. The performer-audience connection: Emotion to metaphor in dance and society. Austin and London: University of Texas Press.
24.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 1987. To dance is human: A theory of nonverbal communication. Rev. ed.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
25.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 1988. Dance, sex, and gender: Signs of identity, dominance, defiance, and desire. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
26.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 1997.Creativity in Ubakala, Dallas youth, and exotic dance. In Creativity in performance, edited by R. Keith Sawyer, 141-167. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
27.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 1998a. Exotic dance in Seattle: The First Amendment and anthropology. Anthro Watch (Columbia University anthropology alumni Newsletter)16 (1): 4-6.
28.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 1998b. Undressing the First Amendment and corseting the striptease dancer. The Drama Review, T158, 42 (2): 38-69, Summer.
29.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 2002a. Dance under the censorship watch. Journal of Arts Management Law and Society29 (1): 1-13.
30.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 2002b. If this is stripping, what is adult entertainment?Exotic Dancer Bulletin7 (3): 62.
31.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 2003. Arte posta a nu (Dancers’ climax arouses controversy in U.S.). Gesto (Revista do Centro Coreográfico do Rio) (Brazil), June, 24-29.
32.
Jarrett, Lucinda. 1997. Stripping in time: A history of erotic dancing. London: Pandora.
33.
Urish, Ben. 2004. Narrative striptease in the nightclub era. Journal of American Culture27 (2): 157-165.
34.
Wagner, Ann. 1997. Adversaries of dance: From the Puritans to the present. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
35.
Wheeler, J. Joshua and Robert M. O’Neil. 1999. Amici curiae brief of the Thomas Jefferson Center for Protection of Free Expression, Alley Theatre, Association of Performing Arts Presenters, Kathleen Chalfant, Dance/USA, Tony Kushner, the Looking Glass Theatre Co., Terrence McNally, Oregon Shakespeare Company, Yvonne Rainer, Rachel Rosenthal, Theater Artaud, Theatre Communications Group, and the Walker Art Center, in support of Pap’s A.M. 98-1161 in the Supreme Court of the U.S.
36.
Ellis, Kate, Barbara O’Dair, and Abby Tallmer. 1988. Introduction. In Caught looking: Feminism, pornography & censorship, edited by Kate Ellis, Beth Jaker, Nan D. Hunter, Barbara O’Dair, and Abby Tallmer, 4-9. Seattle, WA: Real Comet.
37.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 1999. Toying with the striptease dancer and the First Amendment. In Play and culture studies, Vol. 2, edited by Stuart Reifel, 37-55. Greenwich, CT: Ablex.
38.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 2000. Gentlemen’s clubs, councils and courtrooms: Dance scholarship moves into public policy. DCA [Dance Critics Association] News7: 16-18.
39.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 2001. Wrapping nudity in a cloak of law. New York Times, July 29, Arts & Leisure Section, 14, 18.
40.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 2003. Exotic dance adult entertainment: Ethnography challenges false mythology. City and Society15 (2): 165-193.
41.
McCullough, Andrew W. 2004. A new sort of “sin” tax in Utah. Exotic Dancer, April/May, 18.
42.
Moore, Arthur Cotton. 1998. Powers of preservation: New life for urban historic places. New York: McGraw-Hill.
43.
Munsil, Len. 1988. The preparation and trial of an obscenity case: A guide for the prosecuting attorney. Scottsdale, AZ: National Family Legal Foundation.
44.
Munsil, Len. 1994. How to legally stop nude dancing in your community. Scottsdale, AZ: National Family Legal Foundation.
45.
Danner, Terry A. (Terry.danner@saintleo.edu). 2000. Criminogenic impact analysis, Peek-A-Boo Lounge of Bradenton (5412 14th Street West Bradenton, FL) and Temptations II (3824 U.S. 41 North Palmetto, FL), December 6 [Peek-A-Boo Lounge, Inc. et al. v. Manatee County, Florida, 99-2707-CIV-T-25C, U.S.District Court, Middle District of Florida].
46.
Danner, Terry A. 2001a. Criminogenic impact analysis: Seven adult cabarets located in Pinellas County, April 26 [State of Florida v. Laurie A. Anstine, 00-20520MOANO, Pinellas County Division of Local Ordinance Violation, Circuit State Court of Florida, 6th Judicial District of Florida].
47.
Danner, Terry A. 2001b. Do adult cabarets affect neighborhood crime volumes? [State of Florida v. Shawna Bohne, 00-CM-024008, Circuit State Court of Florida, 13th Judicial District, Hillsborough County].
48.
Danner, Terry A. 2001c. The effect of the Mons Venus adult cabaret [Tampa] on neighborhood crime volumes: An empirical analysis of longitudinal data, April 1[City of Tampa v. Joe Redner, d/b/a the Mons Venus, 96-2399, Circuit State Court of Florida, 13thJudicial District, Hillsborough County].
49.
Danner, Terry A. 2003. Adult cabarets and crime-related secondary effects.[State ofFlorida v. Shannon Malnick, 03-12309MOANO. State of Florida 6th Judicial Circuit, Pinellas County].
50.
Fisher, Randy (rfisher@mail.ucf.edu). 1999. Do adult businesses have adverse secondary effects? Have the nude clubs of Casselberry been shown to have adverse secondary effects? A preliminary report.[Christy McKee and Margaret K. Morgan v. City of Casselberry, 99-CA1430-16E;Pauline Koziara and Kathleen Derienzo v. Seminole County, 99-CA511-16P, Circuit State Court of Florida, 18thJudicial District, Seminole County].
51.
Fisher, Randy 1990s. Evidence for the harms of adult entertainment: A critical evaluation (Cafe Erotica in St. Johns County. Gary Edinger attorney).
52.
Fisher, Randy 1990s. Evidence for the harms of adult entertainment: A critical evaluation [Broward County] prepared for Luke Lirot re: several clubs owned at the time by Michael Peter.
53.
Fisher, Randy 2001a. Adequacy of the evidence of “adverse secondary effects” on which Pinellas County’s Adult Code was based [State of Florida v. Laurie A. Anstine, Case No. 00-20520MOANO. Circuit State Court of Florida, Division of Local Ordinance Violation, 6th Judicial District, Pinellas County].
54.
Fisher, Randy 2001b. Do adult businesses have adverse secondary effects? TheTampa Record [City of Tampa v. Joe Redner, d/b/a the Mons Venus, Case No. 96-2399 (No. 99-10057) Circuit State Court of Florida, 13th Judicial District, Hillsborough County].
55.
Fisher, Randy 2001c. Evidence for the “adverse secondary effects” of adult entertainment: The Manatee County record [Peek-A-Boo Lounge, Inc., et al. v. Manatee County, Florida, 99-2707-CIV-T-25C, U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida].
56.
Fuller, Ron, and Sue Miller. 1997. Fulton County [Georgia] police study of calls for service to adult entertainment establishments which serve alcoholic beverages, January 1995-May 1997, County Attorney’s Office, 404 730 5719 [Flanigan’s Enterprises Inc. of Georgia d/b/a Mardi Gras v. Fulton County, Georgia and Fulton County Board of Commissioners(U.S. Court 00-11152; District Court 98-02441-CV-GET-1) 242 Federal 3rd 976 2001 11th Federal Circuit Court].
57.
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 2003. Legal predicate: High number of calls for service. Presentation to the Prince George’s County Council Public Hearing for CB-86, November 26.
58.
Kay, Kerwin. 1999. Naked but unseen: Sex and labor conflict in San Francisco’s adult entertainment theaters. Sexuality and Culture3:39-67.
59.
Land, Kenneth C., Jay R. Williams, Michael E. Ezell, Bryant Paul, and Daniel Linz. 2004. An examination of the assumption that adult businesses are associated with crime in surrounding areas: A secondary effects study in Charlotte, North Carolina. Law and Society Review38 (1): 69-103.
60.
Paul, Bryant Paul, and Daniel Linz. 2002. Testing assumptions made by the Supreme Court concerning the negative secondary effects of adult businesses: A quasi-experimental approach [Fort Wayne, Indiana]. Paper presented at the International Communication Association Conference, Seoul, Korea, July 18.
61.
Phifer, Major W. D., and Accreditation Staff of the Fulton County Police Department. 2001. Alcohol and non-adult entertainment establishments statistical analysis from 1/1/98 to 12/31/00. Fulton County: Police Department.
62.
Scott, Michael S. 2001. Assaults in and around bars. Problem-Oriented guides for Police Series, No. 1.Washington, DC: COPS (Community Oriented Policing Services), U.S. Department of Justice. Exotic dance was not an issue.
63.
Fisher, Randy (rfisher@mail.ucf.edu). 1996. Positive economic impact of the Mons Venus: The impact of the performers’ incomes [City of Tampa v. PM Realty, 96-02397, Circuit State Court of Florida, 13th Judicial District, Hillsborough County].
64.
Fisher, Randy 1999. Have adult businesses lowered property values inCasselberry? [Christy Mckee and Margaret K. Morgan vs. City of Casselberry, 99-CA1430-16E; Pauline Koziara and Kathleen Derienzo v. Seminole County, 99-CA511-16P, Circuit State Court of Florida, 18th Judicial District, Seminole County].
65.
Freeman, Lance, and Daniel Linz. 2002. Examining the relationship between businesses that comply with the “60/40”adult zoning regulations and surrounding property values in New York City. Unpublished paper.
66.
McCarthy, George W. (mac@webjogger.net), and Henry Renski. 2001. Measuring secondary effects using spatio-temporal estimation of real estate price appreciation. Charlotte, NC: Tarheel Entertainment Association, submitted to Charlotte Zoning Board.
67.
Mellish, G. Hartley (gmellish@tampaybay.rr.com). 2000. An economic analysis (damages of police raids and effect of ordinance) [Alexis v. Pinellas County, 98-672-CIV-T-26-E, U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida].
68.
Mellish, G. Hartley 2001. An economic analysis (effect of ordinance on Mon Venus, impact on revenues of dancer and community, economic impact of the adult entertainment industry on communities) [City of Tampa v. Joe Redner, 99-10057, Circuit State Court of Florida, 13thJudicial District, Hillsborough County].
69.
Schauseil, Richard (rickywahoo@hotmail.com). 1996. Market study and report: Club Flamingo, Ybor City [City of Tampa v. PM Realty and Investment, 96-02397, Circuit State Court of Florida, 13th Judicial District, Hillsborough County].
70.
Schauseil, Richard 1999. Market study and report: Mons Venus, Tampa [City of Tampa v. Joe Redner DBA: Mons Venus, Case No. 96-2399, Circuit State Court of Florida, 13th Judicial District, Hillsborough County].
71.
Schauseil, Richard 2000. Market study and report: Peek-a-Boo Lounge and TemptationII [Peek-A-Boo Lounge, Inc., et al. v. Manatee County, Florida, 99-2707-CIV-T-25C, U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida].
72.
Schauseil, Richard 2001. Market study and report: Cristine’s Cabaret, Jake’s Cabaret, Showgirls, Diamond Dolls, Sweethearts, Silk Stockings, and Mermaids[State of Florida v. Laurie A. Anstiene, 00-20520-MOANO, County Court, Misdemeanor Division, Pinellas County, Florida].
73.
Schauseil, Richard 2002. Subject properties: In Seminole County, Florida [McKee andMorgan v. City of Casselberry, Florida, 99-CA1430-16E; Koziara and Derienzo v. Seminole County, 99-CA511-16P, Circuit State Court of Florida, 18th Judicial District, Seminole County, Florida].
74.
Thomas, Rebekah J. (rebekah.thomas@saintleo.edu). 2001. The effect of adult use entertainment activities on transmission of disease [State of Florida v. Laurie A. Anstiene, 00-20520MOANO, Pinellas County Division of Local Ordinance Violation, Circuit State Court of Florida, 6th Judicial District].
75.
McLaughlin, R. Bruce. 2003. City of Rockford, Illinois, alternative avenues of communication for adult uses planning review [U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division, R.V.S., LLC. v. City of Rockford, 03-C-50048].
76.
Weinstein, Alan. 1997. Land use and the First Amendment: Recent developments in land use, planning and zoning law. Urban Law29 (3): 387-298.
