This bibliography summarizes the most important recent literature on elderly migration and retirement migration in the U.S. and Canada, providing an interdisciplinary reviewof articles published between January 1990 and December 2000. It describes and evaluates 232 studies dealing with migration theory and methods, the determinants of later-life mobility, patterns of migration, destination choice, consequences of migration, local and regional development, seasonal migration, return migration, and related topics.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Ahmed, Bashir
, and Stanley K. Smith. 1992. How changes in components of growth affect the population aging of states. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences47, 1: 27-37. Section 7.1.
2.
Assadian, Afsaneh
. 1995. Fiscal determinants of migration to a fastgrowing state: How the aged differ from the general population. Review of Regional Studies25, 3: 301-315. Section 6.2.
3.
Barsby, Steve L.
, and Dennis R. Cox. 1975. Interstate migration of the elderly: An economic analysis. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath. Section 6.1 (note).
4.
Bean, Frank D.
, George C. Myers, Jacqueline L. Angel, and Omer R. Galle. 1994. Geographic concentration, migration, and population redistribution among the elderly. In Demography of aging, Linda G. Martin and Samuel H. Preston, eds., 319-355. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Sections 1.0 (text and note), 2.0, 4.3, 5.2, 7.1.
5.
Belanger, Alain
, and Andrei Rogers. 1992. The internal migration and spatial redistribution of the foreign-born population in the United States: 1965-70 and 1975-80. International Migration Review26, 4: 1342-1369. Section 4.3.
6.
Belden, Joseph N.1993. Housing for America’s rural elderly. In Aging in rural America, C. Neil Bull, ed., 71-83. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Section 5.2.
7.
Bennett, D. Gordon
. 1996. Implications of retirement development in high-amenity nonmetropolitan coastal areas. Journal of Applied Gerontology15, 3: 345-360. Section 7.2 (note).
8.
Bennett, D. Gordon1993. Retirement migration and economic development in high-amenity, nonmetropolitan areas. Journal of Applied Gerontology12, 4: 466-481. Section 7.2 (note).
9.
Biafora, Frank A.
, and Charles F. Longino, Jr.1990. Elderly Hispanic migration in the United States. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences45, 5: 212-219. Sections 4.3, 5.1.
10.
Bogue, Donald J.1969. Principles of demography. New York: John Wiley. Sections 3.0, 6.0 (note).
11.
Bohland, James R.
, and Lexa Treps. 1982. County patterns of elderly migration in the United States. In Geographical perspectives on the elderly, Anthony M. Warnes, ed., 139-158. New York: John Wiley. Section 6.2.
12.
Boyle, Paul, Keith Halfacree
, and Vaughan Robinson. 1998. Exploring contemporary migration. New York: Addison-Wesley. Sections 2.0, 3.0, 3.4.
13.
Bradsher, Julia E.
, Charles F. Longino Jr., David J. Jackson, and Rick S. Zimmerman. 1992. Health and geographic mobility among the recently widowed. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences47, 5: 26168-26168. Section 4.1.
14.
Brown, David L.
, Glenn V. Fuguitt, Timothy B. Heaton, and Saba Waseem. 1997. Continuities in size of place preferences in the United States, 1972-1992. Rural Sociology62, 4: 408-428. Section 5.2.
15.
Brown, Lawrence A.
, and Eric G. Moore. 1970. The intra-urban migration process: A perspective. Geografiska Annaler52B, 1: 1-13. Section 3.0.
16.
Bures, Regina M.1997. Migration and the life course: Is there a retirement transition?International Journal of Population Geography3, 2: 109-119. Sections 3.1, 6.2.
17.
Burkhauser, Richard V.
, Barbara A. Butrica, and Michael J. Wasylenko. 1995. Mobility patterns of older homeowners: Are older homeowners trapped in distressed neighborhoods?Research on Aging17, 4: 363-384. Section 5.2.
18.
Cebula, Richard J.1975. Migration, economic opportunity, and the quality of life: An analysis for the United States according to race, sex, and age. Annals of Regional Science9, 1: 127-133. Section 6.1 (note).
19.
Cebula, Richard J.1974. Interstate migration and the Tiebout hypothesis: An analysis according to race, sex, and age. Journal of the American Statistical Association69, 348: 876-879. Sections 6.1 (note), 6.2.
20.
Chevan, Albert
. 1995. Holding on and letting go: Residential mobility during widowhood. Research on Aging17, 3: 278-302. Sections 4.1, 11.1.
21.
Choi, Namkee G.1996. Older persons who move: Reasons and health consequences. Journal of Applied Gerontology15, 3: 325-344. Sections 4.1, 4.3, 4.4, 7.3.
22.
Clark, David E.
, and William J. Hunter. 1992. The impact of economic opportunity, amenities and fiscal factors on age-specific migration rates. Journal of Regional Science32, 3: 349-365. Sections 3.2 (text and note), 6.2.
23.
Clark David E.
, Thomas A. Knapp, and Nancy E. White. 1996. Personal and location-specific characteristics and elderly interstate migration. Growth and Change27, 3: 327-351. Sections 3.1, 6.1, 6.2, 11.1.
24.
Clark, Rebecca L.
, and Douglas A. Wolf. 1992. Proximity of children and elderly migration. In Elderly migration and population redistribution: A comparative study, Andrei Rogers, ed., 77-96. London: Belhaven. Section 10.0.
25.
Clark, William A. V.
, and Suzanne Davies. 1990. Elderly mobility and mobility outcomes: Households in the later stages of the life course. Research on Aging12, 4: 430-462. Sections 1.0, 5.2.
26.
Clark, William A. V.
, and K. White. 1990. Modeling elderly mobility. Environment and Planning A22, 7: 909-924. Section 4.1.
27.
Clifford, William B.
, and Stephen C. Lilley. 1993. Rural elderly: Their demographic characteristics. In Aging in rural America, C. Neil Bull, ed., 3-16. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Section 5.2 (note).
28.
Colsher, Patricia L.
, and Robert B. Wallace. 1990. Health and social antecedents of relocation in rural elderly persons. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences45, 1: 32-38. Section 4.2.
29.
Conway, Karen Smith
, and Andrew J. Houtenville. 1998. Do the elderly “vote with their feet”?Public Choice97, 4: 663-685. Sections 1.0, 6.2.
30.
Cook, Annabel Kirschner
. 1990. Retirement migration as a community development option. Journal of the Community Development Society21, 1: 83-101. Section 7.2 (note).
31.
Cowper, Diane C.
, and Charles F. Longino Jr.1992. Veteran interstate migration and V.A. health service use. The Gerontologist32, 1: 44-50. Section 7.2.
32.
Cowper, Diane C.
, Charles F. Longino Jr., Joseph D. Kubal, Larry M. Manheim, Stephen J. Dienstfrey, and Jill M. Palmer. 2000. The retirement migration of U.S. veterans, 1960, 1970, 1980, and 1990. Journal of Applied Gerontology19, 2: 123-137. Section 6.2.
33.
Cowper, Diane C.
, Larry M. Manheim, and Joseph D. Kubal. 1994. Older veteran mobility: Migrant characteristics and use of ambulatory care resources. Journal of Applied Gerontology13, 3: 236-249. Section 7.2.
34.
Cribier, Françoise
. 1975. Retirement migration in France. In People on the move: Studies on internal migration, Leszek A. Kosinski and R. Mansell Prothero, eds., 361-373. London: Methuen. Sections 3.1 (note), 5.1 (note), 9.0.
35.
Crimmins, Eileen M.
, and Dominique G. Ingegneri. 1990. Interaction and living arrangements of older parents and their children: Past trends, present determinants, future implications. Research on Aging12, 1: 3-35. Section 10.0.
36.
Cuba, Lee
. 1992a. Aging places: Perspectives on change in a Cape Cod community. Journal of Applied Gerontology11, 1: 64-83. Section 7.2.
37.
Cuba, Lee
. 1992b. Family and retirement in the context of elderly migration. In Families and retirement, Maximiliane Szinovacz, David J. Ekerdt, and Barbara H. Vinick, eds., 205-221. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Sections 6.3, 8.0.
38.
Cuba, Lee
. 1991. Models of migration decision making reexamined: The destination search of older migrants to Cape Cod. The Gerontologist31, 2: 204-209. Sections 6.3, 8.0.
39.
Cuba, Lee
, and David M. Hummon. 1993. Constructing a sense of home: Place affiliation and migration across the life cycle. Sociological Forum8, 4: 547-572. Section 3.1.
40.
Cuba, Lee
, and Charles F. Longino Jr.1991. Regional retirement migration: The case of Cape Cod. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences46, 1: 33-42. Section 6.3.
41.
Daciuk, Joanne F.
, and Victor W. Marshall. 1990. Health concerns as a deterrent to seasonal migration of elderly Canadians. Social Indicators Research22, 2: 181-197. Section 8.3.
42.
Danermark, Beth
, and Mats Ekström.1990. Relocation and health effects on the elderly: A commented research review. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare17, 1: 25-49. Section 7.3.
43.
Day, Frederick A.
, and Jon M. Barlett. 2000. Economic impact of retirement migration on the Texas Hill Country. Journal of Applied Gerontology19, 1: 78-94. Section 7.2.
44.
De Jong, Gordon F.
, Janet M. Wilmoth, Jacqueline L. Angel, and Gretchen T. Cornwell. 1995. Motives and the geographic mobility of very old Americans. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences50, 6: 395-404. Sections 3.1, 4.1, 4.4.
45.
Deller, Steven C.1995. Economic impact of retirement migration. Economic Development Quarterly9, 1: 25-38. Sections 1.0, 5.2, 7.2.
46.
Douglas, Stratford
. 1997. Estimating relative standard of living in the United States using cross-migration data. Journal of Regional Science37, 3: 411-436. Section 3.2.
47.
Easterlin, Richard A.1980. Birth and fortune: The impact of numbers on personal welfare. New York: Basic Books. Section 3.3.
48.
Easterlin, Richard A.1968. Population, labor force, and long swings in economic growth: The American experience. NBER General Series, no. 86. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research. Section 3.3.
Evans, Alan W.1993. Interregional equilibrium: A transatlantic view. Journal of Regional Science33, 1: 89-97. Section 3.2 (note).
51.
Evans, Alan W.1990. The assumption of equilibrium in the analysis of migration and interregional differences: A review of some recent research. Journal of Regional Science30, 4: 515-531. Section 3.2 (note).
52.
Everitt, John
, and Barbara Gfellner. 1996. Elderly mobility in a rural area: The example of southwest Manitoba. Canadian Geographer40, 4: 338-351. Section 4.4.
53.
Fagan, Mark
, and Charles F. Longino Jr.1993. Migrating retirees: A source for economic development. Economic Development Quarterly7, 1: 98-106. Section 7.2 (text and note).
54.
Findlay, Allan M.1993. Population geography: Disorder, death and future directions. Progress in Human Geography17, 1: 73-83. Section 2.0.
55.
Findlay, Allan M.1992. Population geography. Progress in Human Geography16, 1: 88-97. Section 2.0.
56.
Findlay, Allan M.1991. Population geography. Progress in Human Geography15, 1: 64-72. Section 2.0.
57.
Findlay, Allan M.
, and Lin N. Li. 1999. Methodological issues in researching migration. Professional Geographer51, 1: 50-59. Section 3.4.
58.
Findley, Sally E.1988. The directionality and age selectivity of the health-migration relation: Evidence from sequences of disability and mobility in the United States. International Migration Review22, 3: 4-29. Section 7.3.
59.
Fokkema, Tineke
. 1996. Residential moving behaviour of the elderly: An explanatory analysis for the Netherlands. Amsterdam: Thesis. Sections 3.2, 6.1.
60.
Fokkema, Tineke, Jenny de Jong Gierveld
, and Peter Nijkamp. 1998. The decision-making process underlying the moving behaviour of the elderly: An exploration of the literature. Svensk Geografisk Arsbok74: 163-177. Section 3.0.
61.
Fokkema, Tineke, Jenny de Jong Gierveld
, and Peter Nijkamp1993. Internal elderly migration: An exploration of the literature. Ni Di Report no. 32. The Hague: Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute. Section 2.0.
62.
Fokkema, Tineke
, and Leo J. G. van Wissen. 1997. Moving plans of the elderly: A test of the stress-threshold model. Environment and Planning A29, 2: 249-268. Section 4.4 (text and note).
63.
Frey, William H.1995. Elderly demographic profiles of U.S. states: Impacts of “new elderly births,” migration, and immigration. The Gerontologist35, 6: 761-770. Section 7.1.
64.
Frey, William H.1992. Metropolitan redistribution of the U.S. elderly: 1960-70, 1970-80, 1980-90. In Elderly migration and population redistribution: A comparative study, Andrei Rogers, ed., 123-142. London: Belhaven. Section 5.2 (note).
65.
Frey, William H.
, Kao-Lee Liaw, and Ge Lin. 2000. State magnets for different elderly migrant types in the United States. International Journal of Population Geography6, 1: 21-44. Sections 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 9.0.
66.
Frey, William H.
, and Alden Speare Jr.1992. The revival of metropolitan population growth in the United States: An assessment of findings from the 1990 Census. Population and Development Review18, 1: 129-146. Section 5.2 (note).
67.
Fuguitt, Glenn V.
, and Calvin L. Beale. 1996. Recent trends in nonmetropolitan migration: Toward a new turnaround?Growth and Change27, 2: 156-174. Section 5.2.
68.
Fuguitt, Glenn V.
, and Calvin L. Beale. 1993. The changing concentration of the older nonmetropolitan population, 1960-90. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences48, 6: 278-288. Section 5.1.
69.
Fuguitt, Glenn V.
, and David L. Brown. 1990. Residential preferences and population redistribution: 1972-1988. Demography27, 4: 589-600. Section 5.2.
70.
Fuguitt, Glenn V.
, and Timothy B. Heaton. 1995. The impact of migration on the nonmetropolitan population age structure, 1960-1990. Population Research and Policy Review14, 2: 215-232. Section 7.1.
71.
Fuguitt, Glenn V.
, Thomas A. Heberlein, and Pamela R. Rathbun. 1991. Migration consequences for household energy consumption in a nonmetropolitan recreation-retirement area. Rural Sociology56, 1: 56-69. Section 7.2.
72.
Fulton, John A.
, Glenn V. Fuguitt, and Richard M. Gibson. 1997. Recent changes in metropolitan-nonmetropolitan migration streams. Rural Sociology62, 3: 363-384. Section 5.2.
73.
Gale, Lewis R.
, and Will Carrington Heath. 2000. Elderly internal migration in the United States revisited. Public Finance Review28, 2: 153-170. Section 6.2.
74.
Gendell, Murray
, and Jacob S. Siegel. 1996. Trends in retirement age in the United States, 1955-1993, by sex and race. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences51, 3: 132-139. Section 3.1.
75.
Glasgow, Nina L.1995. Retirement migration and the use of services in nonmetropolitan counties. Rural Sociology60, 2: 224-243. Section 7.2 (text and note).
76.
Glasgow, Nina L.1990. Attracting retirees as a community development option. Journal of the Community Development Society21, 1: 102-114. Sections 5.2, 7.2 (note).
77.
Glasgow, Nina L.
, and Richard J. Reeder. 1990. Economic and fiscal implications of nonmetropolitan retirement migration. Journal of Applied Gerontology9, 4: 433-451. Sections 5.2, 7.2 (text and note).
78.
Golant, Stephen M.1992. The suburbanization of the American elderly. In Elderly migration and population redistribution: A comparative study, Andrei Rogers, ed., 163-180. London: Belhaven. Section 5.2.
79.
Golant, Stephen M.1990a. The metropolitanization and suburbanization of the U.S. elderly population: 1970-1988. The Gerontologist30, 1: 80-85. Section 5.2.
80.
Golant, Stephen M.1990b. Post-1980 regional migration patterns of the U.S. elderly population. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences45, 4: 135-140. Section 5.1.
81.
Graff, Thomas O.
, and Robert F. Wiseman. 1990. Changing pattern of retirement counties since 1965. Geographical Review80, 3: 239-251. Sections 1.0 (note), 5.1.
82.
Graser, Marc
. 1997. Snowbirds put $1 billion into economy. Arizona Republic, Final Edition (August 19): E1. Section 8.3.
83.
Graves, Philip E.1983. Migration with a composite amenity: The role of rents. Journal of Regional Science23, 4: 541-546. Section 6.1 (note).
84.
Graves, Philip E.1980. Migration and climate. Journal of Regional Science20, 2: 227-237. Section 6.1 (note).
85.
Graves, Philip E.1979. Alife-cycle empirical analysis of migration and climate, by race. Journal of Urban Economics6, 2: 135-147. Section 6.1 (note).
86.
Graves, Philip E.
, and Peter Linneman. 1979. Household migration: Theoretical and empirical results. Journal of Urban Economics6, 3: 383-404. Section 3.2 (text and note).
87.
Graves, Philip E.
, and Peter R. Mueser. 1993. The role of equilibrium and disequilibrium in modeling regional growth and decline: A critical reassessment. Journal of Regional Science33, 1: 69-84. Section 3.2 (note).
88.
Graves, Philip E.
, and Joanna Regulska. 1982. Amenities and migration over the life-cycle. In The economics of urban amenities, Douglas B. Diamond Jr. and George S. Tolley, eds., 211-221. New York: Academic Press. Section 6.1 (note).
89.
Graves, Philip E.
, and Donald M. Waldman. 1991. Multimarket amenity compensation and the behavior of the elderly. American Economic Review81, 5: 1374-1381. Sections 3.2, 6.2.
90.
Greenwood, Michael J.
, Gary L. Hunt, Dan S. Rickman, and George I. Treyz. 1991. Migration, regional equilibrium, and the estimation of compensating differentials. American Economic Review81, 5: 138-290. Section 3.2 (text and note).
91.
Haas, William H., III
, and William J. Serow. 1997. Retirement migration decision making: Life course mobility, sequencing of events, social ties and alternatives. Journal of the Community Development Society28, 1: 116-130. Section 6.3.
92.
Haas, William H., III
, and William J. Serow. 1993. Amenity retirement migration process: A model and preliminary evidence. The Gerontologist33, 2: 212-220. Sections 2.0, 6.0 (note), 6.3.
93.
Halfacree, Keith H.
, and Paul J. Boyle. 1995. “A little learning is a dangerous thing”: A reply to Ron Skeldon. Progress in Human Geography19, 1: 97-99. Section 3.4.
94.
Halfacree, Keith H.
, and Paul J. Boyle. 1993. The challenge facing migration research: The case for a biographical approach. Progress in Human Geography17, 3: 333-348. Section 3.4.
95.
Harrigan, Frank J.
, and Peter G. McGregor. 1993. Equilibrium and disequilibrium perspectives on regional labor migration. Journal of Regional Science33, 1: 49-67. Section 3.2 (note).
96.
Hazelrigg, Lawrence E.
, and Melissa A. Hardy. 1995. Older adult migration to the Sunbelt: Assessing income and related characteristics of recent migrants. Research on Aging17, 2: 209-234. Section 7.2 (note).
97.
Henderson, J. Vernon
. 1982. Evaluating consumer amenities and interregional welfare differences. Journal of Urban Economics11, 1: 32-59. Section 3.2 (note).
98.
Herberle, Rudolph
. 1938. The causes of rural-urban migration: Asurvey of German theories. American Journal of Sociology43, 6: 932-950. Sections 3.0, 6.0 (note).
99.
Hodge, Gerald
. 1991. The economic impact of retirees on smallercommunities: Concepts and findings from three Canadian studies. Research on Aging13, 1: 39-54. Section 7.2.
100.
Hogan, Timothy D.
, and Stephen K. Happel. 1994. 1993-94 winter residents important to AZ economy. Arizona Business41, 7: 1-4. Section 8.3.
101.
Hogan, Timothy D.
, and Donald N. Steinnes. 1996. Arizona sunbirds and Minnesota snowbirds: Two species of the elderly seasonal migrant genus. Journal of Economic and Social Measurement22, 2: 129-139. Sections 8.0, 8.1.
102.
Hogan, Timothy D.
, and Donald N. Steinnes. 1994. Toward an understanding of elderly seasonal migration using origin-based household data. Research on Aging16, 4: 463-475. Section 8.1.
103.
Hogan, Timothy D.
, and Donald N. Steinnes. 1993. Elderly migration to the Sunbelt: Seasonal versus permanent. Journal of Applied Gerontology12, 2: 246-260. Section 8.2.
104.
Hoppe, Robert A.1991. The elderly’s income and rural development: some cautions. Rural Development Perspectives7, 2: 27-32. Section 7.2 (text and notes).
105.
Hunt, Gary L.1993. Equilibrium and disequilibrium in migration modelling. Regional Studies27, 4: 341-349. Section 3.2 (note).
106.
Jackson, Charles L.
, and Frederick A. Day. 1993. Locational concentrations of military retirees in the United States. Professional Geographer45, 1: 55-65. Section 6.2.
107.
Johnson, Kenneth M.1993. Demographic change in nonmetropolitan America, 1980 to 1990. Rural Sociology58, 3: 347-365. Section 5.2 (text and note).
108.
Johnson, Kenneth M.
, and Calvin L. Beale. 1999. The continuing population rebound in nonmetro America. Rural Development Perspectives13, 3: 2-10. Section 5.2 (text and note).
109.
Johnson, Kenneth M.
, and Calvin L. Beale. 1994. The recent revival of widespread population growth in nonmetropolitan areas of the United States. Rural Sociology59, 4: 655-667. Section 5.2 (text and note).
110.
Johnson, Kenneth M.
, and Glenn V. Fuguitt. 2000. Continuity and change in rural migration patterns, 1950-1995. Rural Sociology65, 1: 27-49. Section 5.2 (note).
111.
Joseph, Alun E.
, and Denise S. Cloutier. 1991. Elderly migration and its implications for service provision in rural communities: An Ontario perspective. Journal of Rural Studies7, 4: 433-444. Section 7.2.
112.
Kallan, Jeffrey E.1993. A multilevel analysis of elderly migration. Social Science Quarterly74, 2: 403-416. Sections 6.1, 11.1.
113.
Khraif, Rshood M.1995. The elderly return-migration in the United States: Role of place attributes and individual characteristics in destination choice. Geographical Bulletin37, 1: 29-39. Sections 6.1, 9.0.
114.
Laws, Glenda
. 1993. “The land of old age”: Society’s changing attitudes toward urban built environments for elderly people. Annals of the Association of American Geographers83, 4: 672-693. Section 5.2 (note).
115.
Lee, Everett S.1966. A theory of migration. Demography3, 1: 47-57. Sections 3.0, 6.0 (note).
116.
Lewis, Gareth J.2000. Changing places in a rural world: The population turnaround in perspective. Geography85, 2: 157-165. Section 5.2 (note).
117.
Liaw, Kao-Lee
, and Pavlos Kanaroglou. 1986. Metropolitan elderly outmigration in Canada, 1971-1976: Characterization and explanation. Research on Aging8, 2: 201-231. Section 6.1 (note).
118.
Liaw, Kao-Lee
, and Jacques Ledent. 1988. Joint effects of ecological and personal factors on elderly interprovincial migration in Canada. Canadian Journal of Regional Science11, 1: 77-100. Section 6.1 (text and note).
119.
Lin, Ge
. 1999. Assessing changes in interstate migration patterns of the United States elderly population, 1965-1990. International Journal of Population Geography5, 6: 411-424. Section 5.1.
120.
Lin, Ge
. 1997. Elderly migration: Household versus individual approaches. Papers in Regional Science76, 3: 285-300. Sections 3.4, 6.2.
121.
Lin, Ge
, and Peter A. Rogerson. 1995. Elderly parents and the geographic availability of their adult children. Research on Aging17, 3: 303-331. Section 10.0.
122.
Litwak, Eugene
, and Charles F. Longino Jr.1987. Migration patterns among the elderly: Adevelopmental perspective. The Gerontologist27, 3: 266-272. Sections 3.1 (text and note), 4.4.
123.
Long, Larry
, and Alfred Nucci. 1997. The “clean break” revisited: Is U.S. population again deconcentrating?Environment and Planning A29, 8: 1355-1366. Section 5.2 (note).
124.
Longino, Charles F., Jr.2001. Geographical distribution and migration. In Handbook of aging and the social sciences, 5th ed., Robert H. Binstock and Linda K. George, eds., 103-124. New York: Academic. Section 2.0.
125.
Longino, Charles F., Jr.1995. Retirement migration in America. Houston, TX: Vacation Publications. Section 5.1.
126.
Longino, Charles F., Jr.1990. Retirement migration streams: Trends and implications for North Carolina communities. Journal of Applied Gerontology9, 4: 393-404. Section 5.1.
127.
Longino, Charles F., Jr.
, and William H. Crown. 1990. Retirement migration and interstate income transfers. The Gerontologist30, 6: 784-789. Section 7.2.
128.
Longino, Charles F., Jr.
, and William H. Haas III. 1993. Migration and the rural elderly. In Aging in rural America, C. Neil Bull, ed., 17-29. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Section 5.2 (note).
129.
Longino, Charles F., Jr.
, David J. Jackson, Rick S. Zimmerman, and Julia E. Bradsher. 1991. The second move: Health and geographic mobility. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences46, 4: 218-224. Sections 3.1, 4.1, 10.0, 11.1.
130.
Longino, Charles F., Jr.
, and Victor W. Marshall. 1990. North American research on seasonal migration. Ageing and Society10, 2: 229-235. Section 8.0 (note).
131.
Longino, Charles F., Jr.
, and William J. Serow. 1992. Regional differences in the characteristics of elderly return migrants. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences47, 1: 38-43. Sections 9.0, 11.1.
132.
Longino, Charles F., Jr.
, and Kenneth J. Smith. 1991. Black retirement migration in the United States. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences46, 3: 125-132. Sections 5.1, 9.0.
133.
Lu, Max
. 1999. Do people move when they say they will? Inconsistencies in individual migration behavior. Population and Environment20, 5: 467-488. Section 4.2.
134.
Marshall, Linda J.
, and Michael E. Hunt. 1999. Rural naturally occurring retirement communities: Acommunity assessment procedure. Journal of Housing for the Elderly13, 1-2: 19-34. Section 7.2 (text and note).
135.
Marshall, Victor W.
, and Richard D. Tucker. 1990. Canadian seasonal migrants to the Sunbelt: Boon or burden?Journal of Applied Gerontology9, 4: 420-432. Section 8.3.
136.
Martin, Harry W.
, Sue Keir Hoppe, Victor W. Marshall, and Joanne F. Daciuk. 1992. Sociodemographic and health characteristics of Anglophone Canadian and U.S. snowbirds. Journal of Aging and Health4, 4: 500-513. Section 8.3.
137.
McGranahan, David A.1999. Natural amenities drive rural population change. Agricultural Economic Report no. 781. Washington, DC: Food and Rural Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Section 6.2.
138.
McHugh, Kevin E.1990. Seasonal migration as a substitute for, or precursor to, permanent migration. Research on Aging12, 2: 229-245. Sections 8.0, 8.1.
139.
McHugh, Kevin E.
, Timothy D. Hogan, and Stephen K. Happel. 1995. Multiple residence and cyclical migration: A life course perspective. Professional Geographer47, 3: 251-267. Section 8.1.
140.
McHugh, Kevin E.
, and Robert C. Mings. 1996. The circle of migration: Attachment to place in aging. Annals of the Association of American Geographers86, 3: 530-550. Sections 3.4, 8.1.
141.
McHugh, Kevin E.
, and Robert C. Mings. 1994. Seasonal migration and health care. Journal of Aging and Health6, 1: 111-132. Section 8.3.
142.
McHugh, Kevin E.
, and Robert C. Mings. 1991. On the road again: Seasonal migration to a Sunbelt metropolis. Urban Geography12, 1: 1-18. Sections 8.1, 8.2.
143.
McKendrick, John H.1999. Multi-method research: An introduction to its application in population geography. Professional Geographer51, 1: 40-50. Section 3.4.
144.
Meyer, Judith W.1987. A regional scale temporal analysis of the net migration patterns of elderly persons over time. Journal of Gerontology42, 4: 366-375. Section 6.1 (note).
145.
Meyer, Judith W.
, and Alden Speare Jr.1985. Distinctively elderly mobility: Types and determinants. Economic Geography61, 1: 79-88. Sections 3.1 (note), 4.4.
146.
Morrill, Richard L.1995. Aging in place, age specific migration and natural decrease. Annals of Regional Science29, 1: 41-66. Section 7.1.
147.
Morrill, Richard L.1994. Age-specific migration and regional diversity. Environment and Planning A26, 11: 1699-1710. Section 7.1.
148.
Morrison, Peter A.1990. Demographic factors reshaping ties to family and place. Research on Aging12, 4: 399-408. Section 7.2 (note).
149.
Murdock, Steve H.
, Banoo Parpia, Sean-Shong Hwang, and Rita R. Hamm. 1984. The relative effects of economic and noneconomic factors on age-specific migration, 1960-1980. Rural Sociology49, 2: 309-318. Section 6.1 (note).
150.
Mutchler, Jan E.1990. Household composition among the nonmarried elderly: A comparison of black and white women. Research on Aging12, 4: 487-506. Section 4.3.
151.
Mutchler, Jan E.
, and Jeffrey A. Burr. 1991. Alongitudinal analysis of household and nonhousehold living arrangements in later life. Demography28, 3: 375-390. Section 3.1.
152.
Nash, Alan
. 1996. Population geography. Progress in Human Geography20, 2: 203-214. Section 2.0.
153.
Nash, Alan
. 1994a. Population geography. Progress in Human Geography18, 1: 84-91. Section 2.0.
154.
Nash, Alan
. 1994b. Population geography. Progress in Human Geography18, 3: 385-395. Section 2.0.
155.
Newbold, K. Bruce
. 1996. Determinants of elderly interstate migration in the United States, 1985-1990. Research on Aging18, 4: 451-476. Sections 4.3, 6.1, 6.2, 9.0, 11.1.
156.
Ogden, Philip E.2000. Weaving demography into society, economy and culture: Progress and prospect in population geography. Progress in Human Geography24, 4: 627-640. Section 2.0.
157.
Ogden, Philip E.1999. Population geography. Progress in Human Geography23, 4: 617-631. Section 2.0.
158.
Ogden, Philip E.1998. Population geography. Progress in Human Geography22, 1: 105-114. Section 2.0.
159.
O’Lear, Shannon
. 1997. Migration and the environment: A review of recent literature. Social Science Quarterly78, 2: 606-618. Section 2.0.
160.
Pandit, Kavita
. 1997. Cohort and period effects in U.S. migration: How demographic and economic cycles influence the migration schedule. Annals of the Association of American Geographers87, 3: 439-450. Section 3.3.
161.
Patrick, Clifford H.1980. Health and migration of the elderly. Research on Aging2, 2: 233-242. Section 7.3.
162.
Plane, David A.1992. Age-composition change and the geographical dynamics of interregional migration in the U.S. Annals of the Association of American Geographers82, 1: 64-85. Section 3.3 (note).
163.
Plane, David A.
, and Peter A. Rogerson. 1991. Tracking the baby boom, the baby bust, and the echo generations: How age composition regulates U.S. migration. Professional Geographer43, 4: 416-430. Section 3.3 (text and note).
164.
Quinn, Joseph F.
, and Richard V. Burkhauser. 1994. Retirement and labor force behavior of the elderly. In Demography of aging, Linda G. Martin and Samuel H. Preston, eds., 50-101. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Section 3.1.
165.
Reeder, Richard J.
, and Nina L. Glasgow. 1990. Nonmetro retirement counties’ strengths and weaknesses. Rural Development Perspectives6, 2: 12-17. Section 7.2 (note).
166.
Reeder, Richard J.
, Mary Jo Schneider, and Bernal L. Green. 1993. Attracting retirees as a development strategy. In Economic adaptation: Alternatives for nonmetropolitan areas, David L. Barkley, ed., 127-144. Boulder, CO: Westview. Section 7.2 (note).
167.
Rex, Tom R.1996. Attracting retirees is an economic development option. Arizona Business43, 6: 1-6. Sections 5.1, 7.2 (text and note).
168.
Rice, Tom W.
, and Meredith L. Pepper. 1997. Region, migration, and attitudes in the United States. Social Science Quarterly78, 1: 83-95. Sections 1.0, 7.2 (text and note).
169.
Rogers, Andrei
. 1992. Elderly migration and population redistribution in the United States. In Elderly migration and population redistribution: A comparative study, Andrei Rogers, ed., 226-248. London: Belhaven. Sections 1.0 (note), 2.0, 5.1.
170.
Rogers, Andrei
. 1990. Requiem for the net migrant. Geographical Analysis22, 4: 283-300. Section 11.1.
171.
Rogers, Andrei
. 1988. Age patterns of elderly migration: An international comparison. Demography25, 3: 355-370. Section 3.1 (note).
172.
Rogers, Andrei
, and Alain Belanger. 1990. The importance of place of birth in migration and population redistribution analysis. Environment and Planning A22, 2: 193-210. Section 9.0.
173.
Rogers, Andrei
, and James Raymer. 1999. The regional demographics of the elderly foreign-born and native-born populations in the United States since 1950. Research on Aging21, 1: 3-35. Sections 1.0 (note), 5.1.
174.
Rogers, Andrei
, John F. Watkins, and Jennifer A. Woodward. 1990. Interregional elderly migration and population redistribution in four industrialized countries. Research on Aging12, 3: 251-293. Section 5.1 (note).
175.
Rogerson, Peter A.1996. Geographic perspectives on elderly population growth. Growth and Change27, 1: 75-95. Section 7.1.
176.
Rogerson, Peter A.
, Jeffrey A. Burr, and Ge Lin. 1997. Changes in geographic proximity between parents and their adult children. International Journal of Population Geography3, 2: 121-136. Section 10.0.
177.
Rogerson, Peter A.
, Richard H. Weng, and Ge Lin. 1993. The spatial separation of parents and their adult children. Annals of the Association of American Geographers83, 4: 656-671. Section 10.0.
178.
Rossi, Peter H.1955. Why families move: A study in the social psychology of urban residential mobility. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. Section 3.1.
179.
Rowles, Graham D.
, and John F. Watkins. 1993. Elderly migration and development in small communities. Growth and Change24, 4: 509-538. Section 7.2 (text and note).
180.
Rudzitis, Gundars
. 1979. Determinants of the central city migration patterns of older persons. In Location and environment of elderly population, Stephen M. Golant, ed., 55-63. Washington, DC: V. H. Winston. Section 6.1 (note).
181.
Sandefur, Gary D.
, and Jiwon Jeon. 1991. Migration, race and ethnicity, 1960-1980. International Migration Review25, 2: 392-407. Sections 5.1.
182.
Sastry, M. Lakshminarayan
. 1992. Estimating the economic impacts of elderly migration: An input-output analysis. Growth and Change23, 1: 54-79. Sections 1.0, 7.2.
183.
Schachter, Joseph
, and Paul G. Althaus. 1993. The assumption of equilibrium in models of migration. Journal of Regional Science33, 1: 85-88. Section 3.2 (note).
184.
Schachter, Joseph
, and Paul G. Althaus. 1989. An equilibrium model of gross migration. Journal of Regional Science29, 2: 143-159. Section 3.2.
185.
Serow, William J.1996. Demographic and socioeconomic aspects of elderly migration in the 1980s. Journal of Aging and Social Policy8, 1: 19-38. Section 1.0.
186.
Serow, William J.1992. Unanswered questions and new directions in research on elderly migration: Economic and demographic perspectives. Journal of Aging and Social Policy4, 3-4: 73-89. Section 2.0.
187.
Serow, William J.1991. Patterns of rural-urban migration among the elderly. In Ageing and urbanization: Proceedings of the United Nations International Conference on Ageing Populations in the Context of Urbanization, 187-202. New York: United Nations Department of International Economic and Social Affairs. Section 5.2 (note).
188.
Serow, William J.1990. Economic implications of retirement migration. Journal of Applied Gerontology9, 4: 452-463. Section 7.2 (note).
189.
Serow, William J.1987. Why the elderly move: Cross-national comparisons. Research on Aging9, 4: 582-597. Sections 3.1 (note), 4.4.
190.
Serow, William J.
, and William H. Haas III. 1992. Measuring the economic impact of retirement migration: The case of western North Carolina. Journal of Applied Gerontology11, 2: 200-215. Section 7.2.
191.
Serow, William J.
, and David F. Sly. 1991. Geographic mobility of the elderly in industrialized societies. In Future demographic trends in Europe and North America: What can we assume today?, Wolfgang Lutz, ed., 399-419. San Diego: Academic Press. Section 5.2 (note).
192.
Serow, William J.
, David F. Sly, and J. Michael Wrigley. 1990. Population distribution and migration. In Population aging in the United States, 53-77. New York: Greenwood. Section 5.2.
193.
Shaw, R. Paul
. 1975. Migration theory and fact: Areviewand bibliography of current literature. Philadelphia: Regional Science Research Institute. Sections 2.0, 3.0.
194.
Shelton, Nicola
, and Emily Grundy. 2000. Proximity of adult children to their parents in Great Britain. International Journal of Population Geography6, 3: 181-195. Section 10.0.
195.
Shin, Seong Young Sohn. 1990. An analysis of person-environment interaction in elderly migration streams to and within the Northeast, 1975-1980. Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut. Section 6.1.
196.
Shumway, J. Matthew
, and James A. Davis. 1996. Nonmetropolitan population change in the Mountain West: 1970-1995. Rural Sociology61, 3: 513-529. Section 5.2.
197.
Silverstein, Merril
. 1995. Stability and change in temporal distance between the elderly and their children. Demography32, 1: 29-45. Section 10.0.
198.
Silverstein, Merril
, and Joseph J. Angelelli. 1998. Older parents’ expectations of moving closer to their children. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences53, 3: 153-163. Sections 10.0.
199.
Silverstein, Merril
, and Linda J. Waite. 1993. Are blacks more likely than whites to receive and provide social support in middle and old age? Yes, no, and maybe so. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences48, 4: 212-222. Section 4.3.
200.
Silverstein, Merril
, and Diane L. Zablotsky. 1996. Health and social precursors of later life retirement-community migration. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences51, 3: 150-156. Section 4.2.
201.
Sjaastad, Larry A.1962. The costs and returns of human migration. Journal of Political Economy70, 5, pt. 2 (October supp.): 80-93. Sections 3.0, 4.2, 6.0 (note).
202.
Skeldon, Ronald
. 1995. The challenge facing migration research: A case for greater awareness. Progress in Human Geography19, 1: 91-96. Section 3.4.
203.
Smith, Geoffrey C.1998. Residential separation and patterns of interaction between elderly parents and their adult children. Progress in Human Geography22, 3: 368-384. Section 10.0.
204.
Smith, Kenneth J.
, Charles F. Longino Jr., and Dawn Leeds. 1992. Roots: Black return migration to the South. Humanity and Society16, 1: 40-53. Sections 5.1, 9.0.
205.
Sommers, David G.
, and Katherine R. Rowell. 1992. Factors differentiating elderly residential movers and nonmovers: A longitudinal analysis. Population Research and Policy Review11, 3: 249-262. Section 4.1.
206.
Speare, Alden, Jr.
, and James McNally. 1992. The relation of migration and household change among elderly persons. In Elderly migration and population redistribution: Acomparative study, Andrei Rogers, ed., 61-76. London: Belhaven. Section 10.0.
207.
Speare, Alden, Jr.
, Roger Avery, and Leora Lawton. 1991. Disability, residential mobility, and changes in living arrangements. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences46, 3: 133-142. Section 4.1.
208.
Speare, Alden, Jr.
, and Judith W. Meyer. 1988. Types of elderly residential mobility and their determinants. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences43, 3: 74-81. Sections 3.1 (text and note), 4.4.
209.
Steinnes, Donald N.
, and Timothy D. Hogan. 1992. Take the money and sun: Elderly migration as a consequence of gains in unaffordable housing markets. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences47, 4: 197-203. Sections 6.2, 8.2.
210.
Sternlieb, George
. 1991. The elderly and municipal housing policies in the United States. In Ageing and urbanization: Proceedings of the United Nations International Conference on Ageing Populations in the Context of Urbanization, 339-352. New York: United Nations Department of International Economic and Social Affairs. Sections 1.0 (note), 5.2.
211.
Stinner, William F.
, Yongchan Byun, and Luis Paita. 1990. Disability and living arrangements among elderly American men. Research on Aging12, 3: 339-363. Section 4.3.
212.
Tiebout, Charles M.1956. Apure theory of local expenditures. Journal of Political Economy64, 5: 416-424. Sections 3.2, 6.2.
213.
Todaro, Michael P.1969. Amodel of labor migration and urban unemployment in less developed countries. American Economic Review59, 1: 138-148. Sections 3.0, 4.2.
214.
Valerio, Christy
. 1997. Elderly Americans: Where they choose to retire. New York: Garland. Section 6.1.
215.
Voss, Paul R.
, Ronald J. Gunderson, and Robert Manchin. 1988. Death taxes and elderly interstate migration. Research on Aging10, 3: 420-450. Section 6.2.
216.
Walters, William H.2000a. Assessing the impact of place characteristics on human migration: The importance of migrants’ intentions and enabling attributes. Area32, 1: 119-123. Section 3.2 (text and note).
217.
Walters, William H.2000b. Types and patterns of later-life migration. Geografiska Annaler82B, 3: 129-147. Sections 3.1 (text and note), 4.1, 4.4, 6.1.
218.
Walters, William H.1999. Climate indices for use in social and behavioral research. IASSIST Quarterly23, 1: 14-22. Available at http://datalib.library.ualberta.ca/iassist/iq.html. Section 6.2 (note).
219.
Walters, William H.1994a. Climate and U.S. elderly migration rates. Papers in Regional Science73, 3: 309-329. Section 6.2.
220.
Walters, William H.1994b. Place characteristics in elderly migration research. Bulletin of Bibliography51, 4: 341-354. Sections 2.0, 6.0 (note).
221.
Warnes, Anthony M.1992a. Age-related variation and temporal change in elderly migration. In Elderly migration and population redistribution: A comparative study, Andrei Rogers, ed., 35-55. London: Belhaven. Sections 3.1, 9.0.
222.
Warnes, Anthony M.1992b. Migration and the life course. In Migration processes and patterns, Vol. 1, Research progress and prospects, Tony Champion and Tony Fielding, eds., 175-187. London: Belhaven. Sections 3.1, 9.0.
223.
Warnes, Anthony M.1990. Geographical questions in gerontology: Needed directions for research. Progress in Human Geography14, 1: 24-55. Section 2.0.
224.
Warnes, Anthony M.
, and Reuben Ford. 1995. Housing aspirations and migration in later life: Developments during the 1980s. Papers in Regional Science74, 4: 361-387. Sections 5.1 (note), 5.2 (note).
225.
Watkins, John F.1990. Appalachian elderly migration: Patterns and implications. Research on Aging12, 4: 409-429. Sections 5.2, 7.2 (note).
226.
Wiseman, Robert F.1980. Why older people move: Theoretical issues. Research on Aging2, 2: 141-154. Sections 3.1 (note), 4.1, 6.3.
227.
Wiseman, Robert F.
, and Curtis C. Roseman. 1979. A typology of elderly migration based on the decision making process. Economic Geography55, 4: 324-337. Sections 3.1 (note), 4.1, 9.0, 11.1.
228.
Wolf, Douglas A.1994. The elderly and their kin: Patterns of availability and access. In Demography of aging, Linda G. Martin and Samuel H. Preston, eds., 146-194. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Section 10.0.
229.
Wolpert, Julian
. 1965. Behavioral aspects of the decision to migrate. Papers of the Regional Science Association15: 159-169. Section 3.0.
230.
Worobey, Jacqueline Lowe
, and Ronald J. Angel. 1990. Functional capacity and living arrangements of unmarried elderly persons. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences45, 3: 95-101. Section 3.1.
231.
Yee, William
, and Maurice D. Van Arsdol Jr.1977. Residential mobility, age, and the life cycle. Journal of Gerontology32, 2: 211-221. Section 3.1 (note).
232.
Zimmerman, Rick S.
, David J. Jackson, Charles F. Longino Jr., and Julia E. Bradsher. 1993. Interpersonal and economic resources as mediators of the effects of health decline on the geographic mobility of the elderly. Journal of Aging and Health5, 1: 37-57. Section 4.1.
